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A proposal of a new method of choosing starting points for k-means grouping

100%
Korzeniewski J., University of Łódź C. o. S. M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
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2008
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vol. 216
EN
When one groups set elements with the help of k-means it is crucial to choose starting points properly. If they are chosen incorrectly one may arrive at badly grouped elements. In the paper a new method of choosing starting points is proposed. It is based on the distance matrix only. Starting points are chosen so as to improve the classical method of choosing points which are as far from one another as possible. The quality of grouping is assessed by means of silhouette indices — it is compared with the quality of grouping done with randomly chosen starting points and with maximum distance interval method. Sets from Euclidean spaces are generated with the help of CLUSTGEN software written by J. Milligana.
PL
Gdy grupujemy punkty zbioru metodą k-średnich to zasadniczym problemem jest właściwy wybór punktów startowych. Jeśli są one źle wybrane to grupowanie może być złe. W artykule zaproponowana jest nowa metoda wyboru punktów startowych. Metoda ta jest oparta wyłącznie na znajomości macierzy odległości. Punkty startowe są wybierane tak, by poprawić wybór, który otrzymamy przy pomocy metody klasycznej polegającej na wyborze punktów możliwie jak najbardziej od siebie oddalonych. Jakość grupowania jest oceniana przy pomocy indeksów sylwetkowych - porównywana jest z jakością grupowania otrzymanego przy losowym wyborze punktów startowych oraz przy wyborze metodą klasyczną. Zbiory z przestrzeni euklidesowych są generowane przy pomocy programu CLUSTGEN autorstwa J. Milligana.
2

Strategic Manoeuvring and the Selection of Starting Points in the Pragma-Dialectical Framework

88%
Forgács G.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2014
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vol. 36
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issue 1
241-249
EN
The article analyzes strategic manoeuvring within the pragmadialectical framework with respect to the selection of starting points in the opening stage to frame the arguments. The Terri Schiavo case is presented, which can provide interesting insights concerning this issue. I would like to show that resolution of the difference of opinion requires the resolution of a subordinate difference of opinion concerning how to label her medical state, and why discussants were not able to resolve this subordinate difference of opinion. After, the conflict that arises between critical reasonableness and rhetorical effectiveness is examined and how strategic manoeuvring aims to resolve this conflict. In the final part of the paper I argue that the problems raised can be dealt with within the framework of pragma-dialectics.
3

Foreign language education of seniors

63%
Határ C., Grofčíková S.
Journal of Language and Cultural Education
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2016
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vol. 4
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issue 1
110-123
EN
This study is of a theoretical-conceptual nature and is a partial outcome of the research project VEGA MŠVVaŠ SR and SAV no. 1/0176/15. It deals with one of the problems currently faced by educational theory and practice, i.e. the foreign language education of seniors. The trend is typical for many EU member states, since it results from the needs of a modern society. In addition to strategic documents, programs and legislation which binds the Slovak Republic to create conditions for lifelong education, including foreign language education, the authors are more closely preoccupied with specificities and possibilities of the language education of seniors, which are explained on a comparative basis with the language education of children and youth. Even though in literature one can find results of many substantial empirical research projects devoted to foreign language education of children and youth, research into the education of adults and seniors in the area of foreign languages falls behind considerably. A sufficient platform for the methodology of language education of adults and seniors in Slovakia has not been created either, if compared with the methodology of language education of younger age categories. This shortcoming is often quite noticeable in practice. The study attempts to pay adequate attention to the analysis of selected teaching styles specific for adult and senior age as well as teaching methods which may be used in the language education of seniors.
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