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EN
The paper deals with an analysis of the current state of public administration in the Czech Republic, particularly, with respect to the administrative burden of processes, the necessity of public administration, opportunities and limits of its modernization, the level of decentralization, the territorial development, and the crisis management. The analysis is made with regard to the relationship between the forms of organizations and the tasks of public administration. It shows the growing discrepancy between the effort to maintain the stability of forms and the changing social conditions connected with the requirements for public administration.
EN
The paper is an English translation of Rozwój ogólnego postępowania administracyjnego by Zbigniew Janowicz published originally in Polish in “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” in 1970. The text is published as a part of a jubiliee edition of the “Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review. 100th Anniversary of the Faculty of Law and Administration” devoted to the achievements of the late Professors of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
EN
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an integrated part of strategic planning and management of every company. It interferes with the company environment, quality of life of their employees and customers, relations with partners from both profit and non-profit sectors, and so it concerns all participating parties - stakeholders. Corporate Social Responsibility and its principles are determined especially to companies, which wish to be permanently established in the framework of the local community, and which are devoted to become respected partners and neighbours. Essentially, even institutions of state and public administration belong to this range, as every one of us contributes to their financing.
EN
Different authors at different times have given an unequal definition to the term of public administration compared to what it is used today. The author Georges Vestel has defined the public administration as “the set of activities aimed at maintaining the public peace and meeting other needs of the general interest. This definition corresponds to the etymology of the term administration - “administration” which means “to serve”. But Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his work, Social Charter, defined the public administration under the government term. He stated that: “I call a government or a supreme administration the legitimate exercise of the executive power. Some authors use “administrative” and “executive” terms in an alternate way, with the same meaning. Other authors make a clear distinction between terms. They define the state administration as “an activity which is carried out for the concrete fulfilment of the functions of the state and the duties of the organs of the state administration”. So these authors distinguish the state administration from the executive activity which the executive bodies perform. The paper aims to suggest a set of strategies and improvements by starting from a theoretical background of the definition of power balance and separation in public administration and governing bodies and its evolutionary definition over time, and by reflecting those findings as a set of suggestions, by considering the actual Albanian Code of Administrative procedures, strategies and practices.
EN
The Ministry of Public Administration was established pursuant to the Act of 31 December 1944 on the appointment of the Interim Government of the Republic of Poland. The matters arising from the relations between the State and the Churches and religious denominations were handled by Department V, which in 1946 consisted of two sections addressing Christian and non-Christian denominations, respectively. The Socio-Political Departments in the Provincial Offices, which employed officials responsible for matters relating to religious denominations, were subordinate to Department V. The same held true in Starostwa Powiatowe [County Offices]. In 1947, Department V was divided into three units addressing matters of the Catholic Church, Christian Denominations and Non-Christian denominations, respectively, and one year later still one more department, i.e. the Department of General Matters, was established. Since 1947 matters relating to religious denominations fell within the competences of Department IV. The Department of Religious Denominations in the Ministry of Public Administration from its beginnings was responsible for shaping the policy of the State towards religious denominations. The aforementioned policy was supposed to be concordant with the directives and principles of the communist party. The socio-political reforms conducted by the Ministry of Public Administration in relation to the Churches and religious associations were one of the means of repression, which within the years 1944-1950 was in its initial phase based on the trial-and-error method. However, it was the cooperation of the Ministry with Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego [Public Security Office], and later the establishment of Urząd ds. Wyznań [Office in charge of Religious Denominations] in 1950 which changed and regulated actions of the communist authorities towards the Churches and religious associations in Poland regarding the matters concerning the relations between the State and the Church and religious associations. From then on the competences to date of Department IV of the Ministry of Public Administration were transferred onto the Office in charge of Religious Denominations.
EN
The administration of the reborn state, created in 1918 from scratch after years of partitions played an important role in the recent history of Poland. Next to the army, it was one of the most important institutions consolidating the areas previously belonging to the three partitioners and integrating the new citizens of the Republic of Poland. Such a role was played by the administration both during the twentieth century and in the current century.
EN
This study focuses on electoral manipulation as exemplified by the municipal elections in České Budějovice. The spotlight is not just on the electoral campaign itself, but also on the reaction of the state authorities to attempts made by the ruling party to influence the number of voters in various ways in order to take control of the town in subsequent electoral periods.
EN
Rationalization and democratization of public governance and administrative organization are processes affecting all countries. The article critically evaluates the reorganization of local administration in Slovenia, aimed at increasing its effectiveness through integrative approaches at the state and local-self-government levels. Local self-government in Slovenia comprises 212 municipalities combined into 58 local state (general territorial) administrative units. Such organization is rather fragmented and weak despite several reorganization attempts since the mid-2000s. The recently planned reform for 2014 - 2015 tries to overcome the drawbacks typical of Slovenia, such as the two-tier public administration established in 1995 and the resulting economic local non-efficiency. The analysis of the Slovenian institutional landscape in local public administration can serve as a lesson since the strategic reorganization of political and administrative societal elements should - in addition to the search for local democracy - encompass administrative integration toward citizens, businesses and civil society to eventually achieve good local governance.
EN
Recently, digitalization has been a frequently used word in various economic fields. We have been able to realize this lately mainly due to the problematic situation brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. People could not personally visit public authorities, banks, the post offices or other institutions and in many cases, it was possible for them to manage their necessary matters. It is quite clear, that Czech public authorities are not 100 % ready to be able to function fully online. However, the Czech Republic is not lax about this and it is preparing further steps to achieve online functioning. The selected current steps of the Czech Republic will be presented in this article. The hypothesis set in the article is that the current status of digitalization of administration in Czech Republic is currently insufficient.
EN
This paper examines the efficiency and public transport accessibility of indirect (devolved) state administration performed by municipalities with extended powers (hereinafter MEPs) in the Czech Republic. Our aim is to evaluate the efficiency of the revenues made by municipalities with extended powers, through performing powers delegated to them by the state administration, and those municipalities’ public transport accessibility as of 31 December, 2014. The rate of efficiency is tested on an output-oriented Free Disposable Hull model. One input variable is selected - the operating expenses of the municipal offices recalculated per inhabitant of the municipality’s administrative district - and two output variables are selected: contribution to the performance of state administration, recalculated per inhabitant of the municipality’s administrative district, and revenues from administrative fees per inhabitant of the municipality’s administrative district. The municipality’s offices’ transport accessibility is evaluated via network analysis using ArcGIS software. The article investigates the hypothesis that public administration deconcentration practices logically result in higher security costs and therefore inefficiency. The results reveal that only 66 of the country’s 205 MEPs are efficient and that operating expenses and state contributions for the performance of state administrative tasks play a significant role in these results. Efficiency is less significantly influenced by administrative fee revenues. Public transport accessibility is analyzed for two time intervals - 6:00 to 8:00 am and 1:00 to 2:00 pm - on Tuesdays. The degree of accessibility is defined using a six-point scale of accessibility. The results show that the best accessibility is in the morning hours, when the offices are accessible for 68.8% of the population aged 15+ in the Czech Republic; the worst accessibility is in the afternoon hours when only 2% of the population aged 15+ can access the offices.
EN
The article identifies the special significance of state reserves for purposes of ensuring the national security of Ukraine. Established the main purpose of state reserves as a set of strategic reserves of the state to overcome the effects of risk factors. A review and analysis of recent domestic publications on this topic was done. The main definitions of state reserves are found. Established that the existing definitions of state reserves have, mainly, the material and economic plane of understanding. The author’s definition of state reserves was derived and proposed. It was noted that the definition should also contain an institutional and organizational component. The main structural components of state reserve are considered, among which the mobilization reserve, reserves to meet the strategic needs of the country and reserves to perform priority work during emergency response are identified. The peculiarity of the process of state reserve management is studied, where such classical components as normative-legal, institutional and organizational are singled out. A number of normative legal acts were analyzed, which regulate the basic principles of formation, use and disposal of state reserve of Ukraine, as well as the principles of activity of the State Reserve. Established that the institutional component of state reserve management process is embodied in the State Reserve, which is the central body of executive power. The relevance of the thesis that activity of the State Reserve as an active subject of economic processes is one of the main elements of state reserves management is also proved. The content of the process of managing the state reserve is revealed through the need to stabilize the socio-economic situation both in conditions of uncertainty and the consequences of emergencies, and in the normal functioning of the state economy. The essence of process of state reserve management is defined as the rational use of material and technical values that form the strategic reserve of state, in order to regulate economic development in normal socio-economic conditions or quickly overcome the negative consequences of man-made or natural emergencies as well as the consequences of martial law.
EN
In the years since Ukraine’s independence, attention has been paid to defense capability of the country, but reforming the national defense sector has been falling behind current needs. The Ukrainian course towards the European community and NATO membership predetermines the advancement of all spheres of public life, including training of officer personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, its education and career progress. The reform of military education requires introducing new academic programs that permit training modern-type officers - military managers, who can constructively interpret theoretical materials, the experience of domestic and foreign scientists and implement them in their practical activities. Against the backdrop of the reform of military education, one of the most important tasks of higher military education involves not only training highly-qualified specialists but also the conformity of their knowledge with international standards that will allow them to be competitive both at the domestic and international labor markets and be compatible with NATO partners. The introduction of practical management experience as management methodology for the relevant system into military medicine will drive the formation of the requirements for organizing the training of specifically qualified personnel. The training of a manager and leader under the dictatorship (authoritarian) principle is passing into history; there is a need for a military manager as a prototype of an intelligent and wise leader. With the advent and expansion of such a control system as management, the following question has arisen sporadically: what is the difference between management and administration? The objective of management is to increase the profitability of business and production activities, i.e., gaining profit. The objective of administration, in particular, state or public, is to regulate social relations, which would be convenient and beneficial to the use of business and all citizens of the state in their day-to-day operations. Management objectives prescribe the features of management methodology which relies on the guiding principle: public administration adopts methodology and action procedure, which is defined by current legislation, and management adopts methodology and action procedure, which is not prohibited by law. Consequently, military administration is close to public administration in terms of the mentioned methodological principle since it is regulated by statutory acts and the system of orders allowed by the relevant laws in force. Thus, heightened attention to the enhancement of military administration is more important than using the terms “military management” and “military manager” within the system of military administration.
EN
The association of local and regional self-government is examined in regard to the decentralization of state administration. This study extrapolated data from 36 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and analyzed whether decentralization of the state assists in economic growth and development. Administrative decentralization is explored through defining a precedence from the literature. A systematic literature review was conducted and macroeconomic OECD data using nominal gross domestic product was analyzed for the period of 1995–2018. The results confirmed that decentralization does not positively correlate with the level of tax independence of local government and, in eff ect, is not an advantage. Territorial administration is highlighted throughout the paper as a key factor behind tax autonomy in relation to fiscal decentralization levels.
PL
Procesy globalizacji i integracja europejska Ukrainy wymagają uwzględnienia złożonego zestawu norm międzynarodowych w rozwoju polityki państwa. Priorytetowym kierunkiem działalności organizacji międzynarodowych w sferze gospodarki jest rozwój zrównoważony. W celu zapewnienia takiego rozwoju konieczne jest wprowadzenie gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym („circular economy”). Polityka państwa w takim modelu gospodarki służy rozwiązywaniu problemów o charakterze gospodarczym i ekologicznym oraz ma na celu zapewnienie reorientacji systemu gospodarczego na warunki rozwoju zrównoważonego, a także wykorzystanie odpadów jako zasobów przyczyniających się do wzrostu gospodarczego. Zreformowanie systemu gospodarczego w kierunku zasad takiej gospodarki jest zadaniem administracji publicznej. Stworzenie skutecznej polityki państwa w tym zakresie oraz mechanizmów jej wdrażania pozwoli zwiększyć konkurencyjność gospodarki, zapewni rozwój zrównoważony i osiągnienie konsensusu społecznego. W artykule uzasadniono potrzebę wprowadzenia zasad takiego typu gospodarki na Ukrainie oraz przedstawiono model ilustrujący zadania stojące w tym zakresie przed polityką państwa i jego organami oraz sposoby i metody ich realizacji.
EN
Globalization processes and European integration of Ukraine require the consideration of a complex system of international norms in the state policy development. The priority direction of international organizations’ activity in the sphere of economy is sustainable development, in order to ensure the implementation of the goals of which there is a need for the introduction of a circular economy. State policy in such an economic model is an instrument for solving economic and environmental problems; it is intended to ensure the reorientation of economic systems to the conditions of sustainable development, as well as the use of waste as resources that promote economic growth. Reforming the economic system towards the provisions of such an economy is the duty of public administration. Formation of an effective state policy of the circular economy and mechanisms for its implementation will increase the competitiveness of the economy, provide environmental sustainability and help to achieve social consensus. The article substantiates the need for the introduction of the provisions of the circular economy in Ukraine. It also presents a conceptual model which specifies the tasks of the state policy aimed at the propmotion of such an economic model as well as the way and methods of their implementation.
RU
Процессы глобализации и европейская интеграция Украины требуют от политиков учета сложного набора международных норм. Приоритетным направлением деятельности международных организаций в сфере экономики является уравновешенное развитие. Для обеспечения такого развития необходимо внедрить модель экономики с замкнутым циклом («circular economy»). Политика государства в такой модели экономики служит решению проблем хозяйственного и экологического характера, а также преследует цель обеспечить переориентацию экономической системы в направлении уравновешенного развития и использования отходов в качестве ресурсов, способствующих экономическому росту. Задачей публичной администрации является осуществление реформы экономической системы и преобразование экономики страны в экономику замкнутого цикла. Создание эффективной политики государства в этой области и механизмов ее внедрения позволит повысить конкурентоспособность экономики, обеспечит уравновешенное развитие и достижение социального консенсуса. В статье обоснована необходимость введения принципов такой экономики в Украине, представлена модель, отображающая задачи, стоящие в этой области перед политикой государства и его органами, а также способы и методы их реализации.
Central European Papers
|
2021
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2
63-79
EN
The study focuses on the presentation and evaluation of the processes affecting territorial state administration. Although the primary aim of the work is to describe the characteristics and development in Hungary, I use an international perspective at several points in the study as well. I also pay special attention to the description of defining trends such as neo- Weberian. The study is accordingly composed of three major parts. After the description of the historical features, special attention is paid to the description of the current Hungarian regulations and the presentation of international processes. Public administration institutions tend to periodically renew, and the various megacrises make this renewal indispensable. At the beginning of the 21st century, it is now apparent that the various economic or social tensions and the environmental or healthcare challenges cannot be overcome without an active public administration system. The Hungarian methods of reforming territorial state administration are both interesting and educational; after all, legislation managed to substantially transform several aspects of the public administration system while still remained operational in the process. I can confidently state that Hungarian territorial state administration system is following a path of development which is carved by global challenges but is also strongly formed by local circumstances.
EN
This study deals with the professional activities and the fates of the four chairmans of the Regional National Committee in Pardubice who worked in this position between 1949 and 1960. It outlines their biographies and introduces their personality traits, their characteristics, and their professional skills. It focuses not only on the time of discharging the function of chairman, but also on their activities thereafter.
EN
This study deals with the process of the takeover of the political administration as the most important branch of the Austrian state administration on the territory of the Czech Lands by the Czechoslovak state, both at the level of individual district units (okresní hejtmanství) as well as at the level of the Governor’s Office (místodržitelství) between 1918-1920. It primarily focuses on personnel changes, which are used to document the degree of continuity between the Austrian and Czechoslovak administrations.
EN
The article brings up the following questions: teaching basic results of scientific researches in direction of cardinal improvement of the system of state administration in the context of modernization of Ukraine on the basis of certain ideology, proper strategies and technologies of realization.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty badania doskonalenia systemu administracji publicznej w kontekście modernizacji Ukrainy na podstawie określonej ideologii, strategii i technologii realizacji.
ES
El presente artículo analiza los factores que tuvieron influencia sobre la formación y consolidación del Estado nacional en Venezuela en la primera mitad del siglo XX. El análisis de este problema tiene por objetivo mostrar la importancia y la influencia duradera de los condicionamientos históricos existentes en la fase de la formación del Estado sobre su futuro desarrollo, mirando desde la perspectiva de los cambios que tienen lugar en Venezuela en el siglo XXI. La autora reflexiona sobre la tesis según la cual el proceso de centralización del poder y el uso de instrumentos autoritarios para ejercerlo están condicionados históricamente y desde la consumación de la independencia constituyen un elemento de disputa sobre la distribución del poder en el marco de dos conceptos del Estado federal – descentralizado y centralizado, pero en la práctica autoritario. Para analizar el proceso de la consolidación del Estado nacional, la autora se refiere a los textos de las siete leyes fundamentales, establecidas durante el período del régimen del general Juan Vicente Gómez, las cuales se basaban, por un lado, en los principios del federalismo y, por el otro, servían a la centralización del Estado. La autora enfocará sus consideraciones en los siguientes condicionamientos: la formación de las fuerzas armadas nacionales, la centralización de los órganos de la administración estatal, el desarrollo de la legislación y el crecimiento económico basado en la explotación del petróleo.
EN
The present article analyzes factors which had influence on the formation and consolidation of the national state in Venezuela in the first half of the 20th century. The purpose of the analysis is to demonstrate the importance and long-lasting influence of the historical conditions existing in the course of formation of the state on its future development, viewing this problem from the perspective of the changes which have been taking place in Venezuela in the 21st century. The author reflects upon the thesis according to which the process of centralization of power and the use of authoritarian instruments for executing it are historically conditioned and, since the consummation of the independence, they have become an element of dispute over the distribution of power within the frames of two concepts of the federal state – decentralized and centralized, but in practice authoritarian. In order to analyze the process of consolidation of the national state, the author refers to the texts of seven fundamental laws established during the regime of General Juan Vicente Gómez, which were based, on the one hand, on the principles of federalism and, on the other hand, they served to centralize the state. The author's considerations will be focused on the following conditions: the formation of the national armed forces, the centralization of the state administration organs, the development of the legislation and the economic growth based on the exploitation of crude oil.
EN
The main purpose of this publication is to present the legal status of Budapest between 1990 and 1994 and to expound the evolution of its powers and functions between the abovementioned period. Basically legal perspective is reflected in this study therefore it follows the legislative hierarchy particularly. First of all, I will try to define what legal status really is in that context I will use it in this study. Having defined the conceptual questions, I will present the evolution of powers and functions of the capital by analysing the constitution the concerning acts and their ministerial reasonings as well.
PL
Głównym celem tej publikacji jest przedstawienie statusu prawnego Budapesztu w latach 1990–1994 oraz wyjaśnienie ewolucji jego uprawnień i funkcji w wyżej wymienionym okresie. Zasadniczo perspektywa prawna znajduje odzwierciedlenie w tym opracowaniu, w związku z czym wynika w szczególności z hierarchii ustawodawczej. Przede wszystkim postaram się określić, jaki status prawny rzeczywiście istnieje w tym kontekście, wykorzystam go w tym badaniu. Po zdefiniowaniu pytań koncepcyjnych przedstawię ewolucję uprawnień i funkcji kapitału, analizując konstytucję także w sprawie aktów i ich rozumowań ministerialnych.
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