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Interaction of Arts in Diplomatic Ceremonials of the USSR (Early 20s – mid 80s XX Century)

100%
Yuryevna Z. O.
Reality of Politics
|
2020
|
issue 11
107-117
EN
The relevance of the study is determined both by the insufficient study of the diplomatic ceremonials of the USSR, and the fact that knowledge of the laws of their functioning expands our ideas about the cultural component of the life of Soviet society. Taking into account the absence in Russian historiography of a special study devoted to the problem of the interaction of arts at diplomatic ceremonies, the author set the goal to conduct a comprehensive research of the problem of the interaction of arts in diplomatic ceremonials. The article considers the stay of the Diplomatic Corps in Moscow from the point of view of the influence of foreign policy priorities on the norms of the diplomatic protocol. Examples of balls, sports, receptions, organized by the embassies of Germany and Italy, which in the 20–30s played a leading role in the life of the Diplomatic Corps, are given. The content of concert programs of official foreign visits, which contributed to the creation of a positive image of the country on the world stage, is analyzed. For the first time the term “diplomatic counterculture” is introduced into scientific circulation – an intentional violation of the diplomatic protocol and diplomatic etiquette in order to achieve a specific result in international communication. It was revealed that the diplomatic ceremonial in itself is a synthesis of arts – the picturesque design of space, music, choreography, costume. Already in the first years of Soviet power, symbols of power entered the “struggle for power.” At diplomatic ceremonies this struggle was in the form of a confrontation between European protocol traditions and the rules of the Soviet diplomatic protocol and etiquette newly created by the employees of the Protocol Division of the USSR People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs. Dress code, concert programs, a list of dishes served – everything had to meet the standards of Bolshevik ideology. Hospitality is an important component of national politics. The Protocol Division, through its work, tried to destroy stereotypes about the USSR as an evil empire. The multinational Soviet culture contributed to the creation of a positive image of the state on the world stage.
2
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“The struggle of pamphlets” (1791) . Ukrainian diplomats in London at the end of the XVIIIth century

100%
Zakharova O.
Reality of Politics
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2020
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issue 13
71-82
EN
Throughout the XVIIIth century, Anglo-Russian relations were very contentious. The Ochakov crisis of 1791 risked escalating into direct military action between Russia and England. Ambassador Count S.R. Vorontsov managed to garner the support of members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons of the English Parliament, come in contact with the Prime Minister, members of his cabinet and opposition leaders. The above mentioned allowed him to handle the possibilities of the press, publishing houses and the opposition during the Ochakov crisis of 1791 as well as influenced a public opinion in Britain. In large part, because of the active actions of S.R. Vorontsov and his office staff, it was possible to avoid an armed conflict between Russia and England. One of the closest employees of Semyon Romanovich was the son of a Ukrainian priest Yakov Ivanovich Smirnov, who was considered by many contemporaries as one of the outstanding employees of the office of the Russian Embassy. Ya. I. Smirnov was knighted of the Order of St. John under Paul I, and then the Emperor’s stunning decision took place – the priest was appointed charge d’affaires of Russia in London. V.F. Malinovskiy, the future first director of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, served in Vorontsov’s office. After leaving London, he worked as a secretary at the negotiations in Iași in 1792. As well as V.F. Malinovskiy, V.P. Kochubey hailed from Ukraine. The nephew of Count A.A. Bezborodko was in London from the early spring of 1789 until January of 1791. In 1793, Vorontsov gave V.P. Kochubey, who was diligently engaged in his education, a brilliant character reference. Over the course of his service, Count S.R. Vorontsov regularly defended the interests of the employees of his office; he knew how to gather individuals for his inner circle and work. In the XIXth century, there was a concept of “official of the Vorontsov school”. S.R. Vorontsov and members of his office used the methods of modern public diplomacy, which implies means used by governments, private groups and particular persons to change the views of other people and governments in order to influence their external political decisions. Public diplomacy is a tool for creating the image of the state. Appealing to public opinion, publication of government documents, use of the mass media and issuance of brochure for manifesting one’s position are methods which play a crucial role in modern public diplomacy, which originated due to Ukrainian diplomats as well.
3
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The Role of Media Diplomacy in Shaping the State’s International Image

58%
Yemets V.
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
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2024
|
issue 1
133-145
PL
W tym artykule podjęto próbę określenia roli dyplomacji medialnej w kształtowaniu wizerunku państwa na arenie międzynarodowej. Dyplomacja medialna w warunkach globalizacji przekształciła stosunki geopolityczne i zmieniła hierarchiczny system podejmowania decyzji w polityce zagranicznej, zarysowując rywalizację państw o możliwość oddziaływania na opinię publiczną. Polityka informacyjna państwa polega nie tylko na rozpowszechnianiu pozytywnych informacji na jego temat w międzynarodowej przestrzeni informacyjnej, ale także na włączaniu polityków, struktur władzy państwowej, aktorów niepaństwowych, znanych osobistości i liderów opinii w system zarządzania marką przedsiębiorstw. politykę narodową państwa. Jednocześnie wykorzystanie możliwości platform społecznościowych w realizacji działań dyplomatycznych doprowadziło do tego, że każdy użytkownik sieci społecznościowej jest dziś nie tylko konsumentem informacji, ale także jej bezpośrednim dostawcą i dystrybutorem, czyli ma możliwość wpływania na podejmowanie określonych decyzji na szczeblu państwa i kształtowania w ten sposób wizerunku państwa. W artykule na przykładzie Ukrainy dokonano analizy wykorzystania mechanizmów dyplomacji medialnej w kształtowaniu wizerunku państwa, zidentyfikowano jego pozytywne i negatywne strony, a także perspektywy jego rozwoju.
EN
The article attempts to determine the role of media diplomacy in shaping the state's image in the international arena. Media diplomacy under the conditions of globalization transformed geopolitical relations and changed the hierarchical system of foreign policy decision-making, highlighting the competition among states for the opportunity to influence public opinion. The information policy of the state involves not only the dissemination of positive information about it in the international information space, but also the integration of politicians, state government structures, non-state actors, famous personalities, and opinion leaders into the brand management system of the state's national policy. At the same time, the use of social media platforms in the implementation of diplomatic activities has led to the fact that any user of a social network today is not only a consumer of information, but also a direct supplier and distributor of it, meaning they have the opportunity to influence the adoption of certain decisions at the state level and shape in this way the image of the state. The article analyzes the use of media diplomacy mechanisms in the formation of Ukraine's image, identifies positive and negative aspects, and discusses prospects for its development.
4
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Cultural Diplomacy of Ukraine in Conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian War

58%
Klavdienko S.
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
|
2024
|
issue 1
147-159
PL
W artykule dokonano analizy specyfiki rozwoju dyplomacji kulturalnej Ukrainy w warunkach wojny. Dyplomacja kulturalna Ukrainy przez długi czas rozwijała się niesystematycznie. Podkreślono znaczenie zwracania większej uwagi na dyplomację kulturalną podczas wojny. Dyplomacja kulturalna stanowi platformę interakcji między różnymi kulturami i ma na celu wzajemne zrozumienie, tolerancję i współpracę między państwami. Głównym celem dyplomacji kulturalnej Ukrainy w warunkach wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej jest wzmacnianie podmiotowości, kształtowanie pozytywnego wizerunku kraju. Rozważane są żywe przykłady dyplomacji kulturalnej podczas wojny. Przeprowadzono analizę SWOT modelu dyplomacji kulturalnej Ukrainy. Wskazano mocne strony i sposoby neutralizacji słabych stron dyplomacji kulturalnej. Analizie poddano szereg problemów, z którymi obecnie się boryka. Podkreślono znaczenie jasnego strategicznego podejścia państwa do kształtowania dyplomacji kulturalnej.
EN
The article studies the peculiarities of the development of cultural diplomacy of Ukraine in the conditions of war. For a long time, cultural diplomacy of Ukraine developed unsystematically. The importance of increasing attention to cultural diplomacy during the war is emphasized. Cultural diplomacy forms a platform for interaction between different cultures and aims at mutual understanding, tolerance, and collaboration between states. The main goal of Ukraine's cultural diplomacy in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war is to strengthen subjectivity, to form a positive image of the country. Convincing examples of cultural diplomacy during the war are considered. The SWOT analysis of the cultural diplomacy model of Ukraine is carried out. The strong points and ways of neutralizing the weaknesses of cultural diplomacy are defined. A number of problems it currently faces are analysed. The importance of a clear strategic approach of the state to the development of cultural diplomacy is emphasized.
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