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EN
The great motorway research and construction investments have brought and are still bringing a huge set of new data. In 2019 alone, one million new archaeological artefacts were sourced. Therefore, there is a problem of systematic and comprehensive development of the obtained sources, in which statistics may be helpful. The article introduces selected statistical methods and shows examples of their use. It focuses on their usefulness in archaeological research, and thus it may become a boost for their wider use in the development of archaeological sources.
PL
W dzisiejszych czasach gaz ziemny zaliczamy do jednego z trzech głównych nośników energii na świecie obok ropy naftowej i węgla. W związku z tym celowym wydaje się temat niniejszego artykułu. Obok analizy statystycznej wydobycia gazu w poszczególnych regionach Kuli Ziemskiej w latach 2000-2010, przedstawiono również analizę statystyczną wydobycia gazu przez 10 wiodących krajów w tej dziedzinie w latach 2001-2006 a także ogólne uwagi dotyczące przyszłych prognoz wydobycia tego surowca. Przy końcu artykułu nawiązano też do problemu pozyskiwania gazu z łupków w Polsce, w kontekście coraz większego zapotrzebowania na ten surowiec w naszym kraju.
EN
Some remarks in work were introduced about getting out on world earth gas. Additionally in article statistical analysis was showed relating getting aut earth gas on world . Analysis relate years 2001 – 2006 and 2000 – 2010.
EN
The article contains review of selected applications of statistical analyses in technical science to present certain information for model parameters (including significance of regression indexes). The main considerations are pertinent to radio wave propagation in satellite systems.
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EN
The purpose of the paper is to conduct a statistical analysis that will examine the problem of crime against the standard of living. The paper attempts to determine the relationship between the level of crime in Poland, and the level of life. A ranking of provinces, determining the level of crime and quality of life, was created. In order to sort the objects the method of multidimensional comparative analysis was used. By using this method, the hierarchy of provinces was created. The research enabled indicating groups of objects that are similar in the examined phenomena.
EN
The main aim of the paper is to analyse and evaluate the possible relation between taking up of the circular behaviours by the households’ members and perceiving the benefits. The paper presents the results of the research conducted among Polish households on the territory of two voivodeships: Podkarpackie and Małopolskie. In the article the authors present the result of the statistical analysis of the frequency of undertaking those behaviours in the households and perception of the benefits. To indicate the possible dependences the Chi2 Test of Independence and The U Mann-Whitney Test were used. Obtained results indicate that undertaking circular behaviours may have an influence on the perceived benefits of varying magnitude. It could be important due to the establishment of support activities aiming at increasing the overall level of circularity among the households (as an economic sector). The originality of the research consists the methodology used and novel questionnaire prepared by one of the authors. The questionnaire joins 9R’s circularity concept (normally used in circularity assessments in business companies) with typically households’ behaviours. This article is the sixth one in the publication series devoted to circular economy and sustainable development matters.
EN
The objective of this paper is to assess the participation of adults in Poland in lifelong learning. The participation in education of Poles aged 25-64 was analyzed at three levels: national, regional and individual. The data at the national level were confronted with the situation in Europe and the data at the voivodeships level were considered in the context of regional competitiveness. The main factors influencing the educational involvement at the individual level were detected by the application of classification trees. The results of the analysis indicate that lifelong learning in Poland is not sufficiently developed and some regional differences occur in this field. The educational attainment was found as the most important determinant of the participation in continuous learning.
EN
Burnout has serious consequences both for individuals and the organizations they work in. The issue generates interest among psychologist and management professionals and – according to the subject literature – there is a growing demand for helping those professional groups who face the risk of experiencing the negative effects of an exhausting working life. The aim of this paper is to characterize the phenomenon of burnout in Poland in the selected professional groups. The primary research was conducted on June and July 2017 on the group of 153 people working in the following areas: healthcare, education, higher education. Two types of questionnaire were used for the purpose of this research. The first was an LBQ Burnout Questionnaire, which is an adaptation of an Italian Link Burnout Questionnaire. The other questionnaire was originally devised by the authors to assess the perception of the phenomenon among Polish employees. The article presents the results concerning all the methods used during research and compared the results of the LBQ and the original questionnaire.
PL
The main aim of the paper is to analyse and evaluate the possible relation between circular behaviours undertaken by the households and the socio-economic features describing them. The paper presents the results of the author’s research conducted among Polish households on the territory of two voivodeships: Podkarpackie and Małopolskie. In the article, the author presents the concept of circular behaviours (understood as an element of pro-ecological behaviours), as well as the result of the preliminary analysis of the frequency of exhibiting those behaviours in the households. This analysis is based on evidence regarding the possible differences between the households due to their distinct features. To indicate the possible differences the Chi2 Test of Independence was used. Obtained results indicate that some socio-economic features may have an influence on the frequency of conducting circular behaviours. It could be important due to the establishment of supporting activities aiming at increasing the overall level of circularity among households (as an economic sector). This article is the fourth one in the publication series devoted to circular economy and sustainable development matters.
EN
A corpus of 750 product reviews extracted from Amazon.com was analyzed for specific lexical, grammatical, and semantic features to identify differences between satirical and non-satirical Amazon.com product reviews through a statistical analysis. The corpus contained 375 reviews identified as satirical and 375 as non-satirical (750 total). Fourteen different linguistic indices were used to measure features related to lexical sophistication, grammatical functions, and the semantic properties of words. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) found a significant difference between review types. The MANOVA was followed by a discriminant function analysis (DFA), which used seven variables to correctly classify 71.7 per cent of the reviews as satirical or non-satirical. Those seven variables suggest that, linguistically, satirical texts are more specific, less lexically sophisticated, and contain more words associated with negative emotions and certainty than non-satirical texts. These results demonstrate that satire shares some, but not all, of the previously identified semantic features of sarcasm (Campbell & Katz 2012), supporting Simpson’s (2003) claim that satire should be considered separately from other forms of irony. Ultimately, this study puts forth an argument that a statistical analysis of lexical, semantic, and grammatical properties of satirical texts can shed some descriptive light on this relatively understudied linguistic phenomenon, while also providing suggestions for future analysis.
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EN
Road accidents are a serious problem in the contemporary world and also a major issue in many countries of the European Union. Statistical data are terrifying. According to the World Health Organization each year nearly 1.25 million people die in road accidents. The object of the article is to assess road safety in the EU in the years 2005-2014 against the backdrop of the current economic and demographic situation in particular member states. The article uses data published by the European Statistical Office – Eurostat (www.ec.europa.eu/eurostat) and OECD. The conducted analysis shows an increase in road safety in the EU. However, the defined goal of reducing the number of fatal accidents by half by 2020 is at risk. The decrease rate of road traffic fatalities has dropped in comparison with previous years
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę analizy statystycznej struktury demograficznej Polski w latach 1989-2013, wykorzystując dane z „Rocznika Statystycznego” 2015 . Wybrany okres obejmuje prawie w całości lata związane z obecną przebudową naszego kraju, dlatego też wydaje się szczególnie interesujący dla dokonania tego typu badań.
EN
In article statistical analysis was showed relating structure of demography of Poland in the period of 1989-2013. Date from GUS statistical analysis was subjected additionally. Appropriate conclusions finish work.
EN
According to theory, educational goods and services have an important impact on a child’s human capital. Although the majority of educational services in Poland are delivered within a public education system, various educational costs are borne by parents. This paper looks at the socio-economic determinants of private spending on education, including fees, private tutoring and courses, educational goods and materials, and the internet. The analysis was performed using the Polish Household Budget Survey for 2009 and 2010. Results from a logit regression suggest that disposable household income per capita and parental level of education, especially mother’s level of education have the greatest impact on spending on educational goods and services. This was true for all analysed categories of expenditure. Regional disparities and community size were an important factor especially with regards to spending on private tutoring and additional courses.
EN
In the classical approach presented by Marzena Szmyt, statistical analysis of the ceramic style of the eastern group of Globular Amphora Culture was based on detailed classification of ornaments and their co-occurrence within grave inventories. This paper introduces an alternative proposition, focusing on structural analysis of decoration of vessels. Additionally, in order to show the distribution of stylistic features among the graves, some elements of the network analysis were implemented.
EN
This paper aims to establish direct and predictive methods (statistical) the possibility of obtaining lactic bacteria Lactobacillus delbrueckii var. bulgaricus in higher amounts by using culture medium enriched with carbohydrates in different percentages, for using these in obtaining organic products. The results led to the selection of MRS culture medium enriched with 1% glucose, 2% lactose and 3% maltose as a substrate in order to use multiplication of lactic bacteria isolated from organic milk, collected from organic farms in the area of Sibiu, Romania.
EN
Increasing activity in the field of lifelong learning is an important educational goal of the European Union. The rapidly changing environment creating new demands makes it necessary to take action in the field of continuous education. Labour market requirements in the process of evolving towards a knowledge-based society are changing, which is particularly important in the era of population ageing and raising the retirement age. All forms of education: formal, non-formal and informal should gain importance in response to the growing requirements. The situation in Poland is vary unfavourable when comparing the participation in activities related to lifelong learning with other European Union countries. Research indicates various demographic, social and economic determinants of adult engagement in lifelong learning. This study attempts to assess the relationships between the level of competences in various areas and the educational behaviours of adult Poles. The analyses are based on individual data from a national survey on human capital. The crucial purpose, which is to identify interdependences among the considered factors, attitudes and behaviours, is accomplished by selected statistical and econometric methods supported by suitable data visualization techniques.
EN
According to the Bologna Accords, in recent years the education sector in Ukraine has been undergoing via some changes: Ukraine switched to the multilevel education, many universities introduced the credit-modular system of knowledge, assessment and a successfully implemented distance learning system, based on External Independent Testing (EIT) [http://www.ihep.org/]. Ukraine provides equal access to education. However, despite the positive developments in the field of education, in 2010, only 17% of students received the highest possible score in a test of mathematics, and in 2011, only 7% received 180.5 points and above [Results of social…]. And that is despite the fact that according to the psychometric analysis: 58% test items can be classified as „optimal”. This paper is devoted to investigation of results and search of statistical relationships of indicators in tests of the general competence and knowledge assessment of students, which took place in Ukraine in 2011. A general methodology for finding significant statistical relationships between certain characters is described in the article. We used standard methods of statistical analysis: finding the value of the distribution, the methods of descriptive statistics, one-dimensional analysis of variance. The calculations were carried out with the help of software SPSS. A brief interpretation of test results is given. These results are accompanied by graphics and tables. The study drew conclusions about the level of general education of students in Ukraine in 2011. Objectiveness of test for the knowledge assessment scores is substantiated.
PL
Rozwój społeczeństwa informacyjnego ma olbrzymie znaczenie zarówno w życiu społecznym, jak i gospodarczym. W pierwszej części artykułu została przeprowadzona statystyczna analiza rozwoju społeczeństwa informacyjnego w Polsce na podstawie przedsiębiorstw, natomiast w drugiej części opracowania porównano stopień rozwoju społeczeństwa informacyjnego w Polsce ze stopniem poziomu rozwoju społeczeństwa informacyjnego w krajach Unii Europejskiej, również na podstawie zmiennych dotyczących przedsiębiorstw. Na tej podstawie można zmierzyć stopień zaawansowania społeczeństwa informacyjnego w Polsce w sferze przedsiębiorstw.
EN
The development of the information society has enormous meaning both in the social and economic arena. In the first part of the article the author conducted statistical analysis of the development of the information society in Poland based on enterprises. In the second part of the study the author compared the degree of the development of the information society in Poland with the degree of the level of development of the information society in UE. On this basis it is possible to measure the degree of the progress of the information society in Poland in the sphere of enterprises.
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PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę analizy kształtowania się cen na wtórnym rynku mieszkań w Łodzi. Badaniu poddany został rozkład cen, wpływające na niego cechy nieruchomości, kierunek oraz siła oddziaływania poszczególnych cech. Cechy mieszkań uwzględnione w badaniu to: lokalizacja, powierzchnia użytkowa, liczba pokoi, występowanie w mieszkaniu wydzielonych kuchni, łazienki i ubikacji. Badanie podzielone zostało na dwie części. Pierwsza poświęcona jest oddziaływaniu lokalizacji (rozpatrywanej jest pod względem dzielnic) na ceny. Druga przedstawia model przyczynowo-skutkowy ukazujący zależność między wielkością ceny mieszkania a wymienionymi wyżej cechami. Kluczowe jest, w tym przypadku, potwierdzenie wpływu danej cechy na kształtowanie się cen.
EN
The article is an attempt of analysis of apartament prices in Łódź. A subject of the study is prices decomposition, features of apartments influencing it, direction and strenght of influence of particular features. The features of apartments included in the study are: location, area, number of rooms, incidence of kitchen, bathroom and toilet . The study is divided into two parts. The first part is related to the affection of location (in question of districts) on prices. The second presents a cause-effect model showing the relation between the price of an apartament and features specified above. The most important thing in this case is the confirmation of influence of spcified feature on prices decomposition.
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Kilka uwag o diamentach

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PL
W artykule oprócz informacji ogólnych o diamentach i o rynku diamentów przedstawiono analizę statystyczną dotyczącą zmian procentowych cen diamentów jakie zaobserwowano w okresie 25 lat od 1985 do 2010 roku.
EN
In article statistical analysis was showed relating of proportional the growths prices of diamonds in years 1985 – 2010.
EN
The analysis of securities is an essential element of investment. It is a complex and, very frequently, long-lasting process. Depending on the assumed time perspective of an investment, the analysis may be carried out on the basis of appropriate tools within technical or fundamental analysis. Assuming that the investment is long-term, the methods of fundamental analysis, particularly the indicator analysis are be useful. Additionally, in securities analyses taxonomic methods are more frequently used, which allows for the evaluation of the securities quality through the synthetic analysis of statistical economic and financial indicators. Methods of linear arrangement used to assess the companies' fundamental strength are based on the economic and financial indicators. These indicators define in a numerical manner the relations between economic and financial values, which allows for conclusions on the condition of the examined economic entities, sectors or markets. Furthermore, indicators are a source of data in quantitative analyses, they are diagnostic variables in research studies. Thus this situation poses a few crucial questions:- how do the economic and financial indicators rule on the stock market?- what is their level, do they maintain the norms?- what is the quality of data on the basis of which securities analyses are carried out?The main goal of the article is to analyze the fundamental power of companies listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) by using TMAI value (in space and time). The study was performed in the period of 2005-2008 (the first quarter of 2008). Thus, the base was constituted by 126 companies. Banks and other financial institutions were excluded. Within the macrosectors existing on the Polish capital market, a statistical analysis of the level of economic and financial indicators characterizing particular companies was performed.
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