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This article is devoted to the description and analysis of the limestone stela of Haremwia from Abydos. It was on display in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo (CG 34079 / JE 22011) and is currently in the storerooms of the Grand Egyptian Museum, Giza. It dates to the period from the mid to the late Eighteenth Dynasty, New Kingdom, and probably from the reign of Amenhotep III, on the basis of its stylistic, iconographic, and epigraphic details. It is extremely well preserved and most of the colours are intact, apart from some damage to the bottom. The stela records a significant title of Haremwia, namely hry šnʿ n tȝ wʿbt, ‘chief of the provisioning sector of the temple workshop’. The importance of this stela, above all, is that it records the first attestation of this title on Egyptian monuments. Furthermore, it records Asiatic names of foreign origin for family members. The offering formula in the first register is very interesting due to the retrograde orientation of its hieroglyphic inscription. The author describes the stela, deals with its individual idiosyncrasies, inscriptions, iconographic and phraseological traits, and focuses on the titles and professions of its individuals.
EN
The article deals with the discovery of a judean temple in Tel Arad (VIII/VII century B.C.). The stele (maṣṣēbâ) found in it allows us to believe, that in the official cult of the monarchy period, such a cult object symbolized YHWH. Bible texts can help to interpret this find. In addition to the official condemnation, prohibition on building and the order to destroy the already existing such cult installations (mainly pagan), you can also find positive references in the biblical texts both in the sphere of worship (mainly in the tradition of Jacob: the stele dedicated to YHWH in Betel; Os 3:4: Kingdom of Israel), as well as purely secular ones (monuments, tomb steleae). However, the location of Tel Arad on the southern border of Judah suggests, that the stele found there could have been a symbolic marker of the border of this country and a sign of protection of its territory on the part of YHWH (cf. Gen 31:45.51–53); Is 19:19).
PL
W artykule podjęta jest kwestia interpretacji odkrytej w Tel Arad judzkiej świątyni (przełom VIII/VII wieku przed Chr.). Znaleziona w niej stela (maṣṣēbâ) pozwala sądzić, że w oficjalnym kulcie z okresu monarchii taki obiekt kultowy symbolizował JHWH. W interpretacji tego znaleziska pomóc mogą teksty biblijne. Oprócz oficjalnego potępienia, zakazu budowania i nakazu niszczenia już istniejących tego rodzaju kultowych instalacji (głównie pogańskich), można znaleźć w tekstach biblijnych także pozytywne wzmianki zarówno w sferze kultu (głównie w tradycji o Jakubie: stela poświęcona JHWH z Betel; Oz 3,4: królestwo Izraela), jak i czysto świeckich zastosowań (pomniki, nagrobne stele). Położenie Tel Arad na południowym pograniczu Judy sugeruje jednak, że znaleziona tam stela mogła stanowić symboliczny wyznacznik granicy tego państwa i znak protekcji jego terytorium ze strony JHWH (por. Rdz 31,45.51–53; Iz 19,19).
EN
Sirens were known in ancient Greece as half‐human, half‐bird. Mentions of them can be found in written sources with themes concerning gods and heroes. In art, sirens appear in a variety of forms. Since numerous monuments derive from the sepulchral art of ancient Greece, the purpose of this article is to analyse the motif of the siren in this very context. Using written sources and studies, the article presents information on the origin of sirens, their appearance and attributes, and stories in which sirens appear (for example, in the voyage of Odysseus or the expedition of the Argonauts). Then, the development of the iconography of sirens in ancient Greek art during different eras is briefly outlined. The central part of the text is concerned with the analysis and interpretation of images of sirens from specific monuments related to the theme of death.  
PL
Syreny znane były w starożytnej Grecji jako pół-ludzie, pół-ptaki. Wzmianki o nich odnaleźć można w źródłach pisanych o tematyce dotyczącej bogów i bohaterów. W sztuce syreny pojawiają się w różnorodnych formach. Liczne zabytki pochodzą ze sztuki sepulkralnej starożytnej Grecji, dlatego celem niniejszej pracy jest analiza motywu syreny właśnie w tym kontekście. Korzystając ze źródeł pisanych oraz opracowań w tekście przedstawiono informacje na temat: pochodzenia syren, ich wyglądu i atrybutów, historii w których pojawiają się syreny (przykładowo: w podróży Odyseusza czy wyprawie Argonautów). Następnie krótko zarysowany został rozwój ikonografii syren w sztuce starożytnej Grecji w różnych epokach. Zasadnicza część dotyczyła analizy oraz interpretacji wizerunków syren z konkretnych zabytków, związanych z tematyką śmierci.
The Biblical Annals
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2011
|
vol. 1
|
issue 1
87-101
EN
The Qumran fragments of the Song of Songs witness some versions of the poem which are older than the textus receptus. They also show that independent songs have been combined into one composition. Thus Cant. 3, 6-8, missing in 4QCantb, was a description of Solomon's guards on riding horses or camels, for mttw is the suffixed plural of the Arabic and Aramaic noun matiya, designating a riding animal. This passage has been joined to the following poem, starting in Cant. 3, 9 with a description of king's apadana, a colonnaded hall or palace. Its fi rst word, borrowed from Old Persian, has indeed been misspelled as 'prywn. Another poem, missing in 4QCanta, corresponds to Cant. 4, 8 - 5, 1. It is written entirely in Aramaic in 4QCantb and the Hebrew textus receptus still preserves traces of its original language. The Aramaic poem refers to the zodiacal constellation Virgo, called Kalla in Aramaic and requested to show the New Moon of Elul above the Lebanon range: 't mn lbnwn 'b'y, 'Let the sign enter from Lebanon'. The Song of Songs in its fi nal shape, characterized by its dramatic features and love lyrics, was accepted as Scripture because of its presumed Solomonic authorship, and it was highly valuated by Akiba, as its contents was appearing to him as a qds h-qdsym, a play word meaning 'the sanctification of betrothals'.
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