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Zeszyty Naukowe KUL
|
2018
|
vol. 61
|
issue 1
53-67
EN
In this article its author tries to find a proper definition of “respective remuneration” referred to in article 79 paragraph 1 of Polish Copyright Law (Act of 4 February 1994 on Copyright and Related Rights). Although, prima facie, in the case law this term is understood uniformly, while analysing in detail the different cases of copyright infringement it is noticeable that the judgments are based on various factors, which eventually influence the final amount of remuneration defendant must pay. These factors are usually objective (such as prices for a copy of work) but sometimes they might be also subjective (for instance: the relations between defendant and author, the motives of defendants infringement, etc.). The author of this article answers the question whether the term “respective remuneration” means the same as “market remuneration” (market prices) and proposes the original method of calculating a respective remuneration referred to in article 79 of Polish Copyright Law, called “objective-subjective method”.
PL
Autor niniejszego artykułu podejmuje próbę ustalenia prawidłowej definicji „stosownego wynagrodzenia”, o którym mowa w art. 79 ust. 1 ustawy z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r. o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych. Mimo iż, prima facie, w orzecznictwie przedmiotowe pojęcie jest rozumiane jednolicie, to jednak przy bardziej szczegółowej analizie poszczególnych orzeczeń można dostrzec, że sądy podejmują rozstrzygnięcia, biorąc pod uwagę różne czynniki – determinujące ostateczną wysokość wynagrodzenia, jaką zobowiązany jest zapłacić naruszyciel. Zazwyczaj wspomniane czynniki mają charakter wyłącznie obiektywny (np. cena egzemplarza utworu), w pewnych przypadkach cechują się jednak charakterem subiektywnym (np. relacje łączące naruszyciela i twórcę, motywy działania naruszyciela, etc.). Autor niniejszego artykułu udziela odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy pojęcie „stosownego wynagrodzenia” jest tożsame z pojęciem „rynkowego wynagrodzenia”, oraz formułuje podstawy autorskiej metody ustalenia wysokości stosownego wynagrodzenia, o którym mowa w art. 79 ustawy o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych, którą można określić jako metodę „obiektywno-subiektywną”.
EN
The article examines the claim for damages as regulated in Art. 79 section 1 point 3 letter b) of the Copyright Act and contains an assessment thereof presented against the background of European law. The claim for damages in the case of infringement of copyright is currently provided for in two variants: as compensation falling under general principles of liability for damages and, alternatively, as compensation taking the form of a lump sum. As far as the lump-sum compensation is concerned, it is not necessary for the claimant to prove actual damage. The amount of compensation in this form is set as a double amount (in the absence of culpability on the part of the infringer) or a triple amount (when the infringing conduct is culpable) of an “appropriate royalty”. Such a severe liability violates the civil law standards pertaining to the redress of damages, in particular it interferes with the compensative function of liability for damages. It simultaneously distorts the balance between the claim for a lump-sum compensation and other claims available to right holders in the case of infringement of copyright and, in wider perspective, the balance within the entire system of intellectual property law. It appears dubious whether the legal regulation of the claim for a lump-sum compensation contained in Art. 79 section 1 point 3 letter b) of the Copyright Act is in compliance with the Directive 2004/48/EC on the enforcement of intellectual property rights. Arguments in support of this view have been put forward in the article. Doubts which been expressed in that regard will most likely be clarified by the Court of Justice in its future response to the request for a preliminary ruling, which was made by the Supreme Court.
PL
The article contains the response to the criticism of the solution regulated under article 79 section 1 point 3 letter b of the Copyright and Related Rights Act made before the Constitutional Tribunal rendered its judgment of 23 June 2015 repealing he above-mentioned legal provision. The genesis of article 79 section 1 point 3 letter b leads to the conclusion that it constituted an autonomous institution of the Polish copyright law. In particular, the claim for payment of a triple amount of the respective remuneration, where the copyright infringement is culpable, was not of a penal nature, neither was it contradictory to the Polish model of liability for damages, moreover at the same time, it was in accordance with the provisions of the Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights.
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