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EN
Municipalities, with a view to meeting their obligation to ensure care for stray animals, mainly limited themselves to catching them and placing in shelters (or, in cases where it was not possible to ensure shelters, in other places destined for keeping animals with no veterinary supervision, though), where new owners were searched for those animals. However, as it was diagnosed in the findings of the audit conducted by NIK in 2016 on prevention of stray animals, those measures resulted in an increased number of stray animals in shelters and other places, and in growing expenditures on providing care for them.
EN
The current legal regulations regarding property and animals that have been found calls for changes of both legal and system nature. The binding rules and proceedings related to stray animals are especially unsatisfying. The rule that regulations on property items, including those found, should be applied also to animals results in excessive doubts, often hard to resolve, practical and theoretical alike. After all, in case of animals, humanitarian considerations should prevail to civil and legal aspects. At the same time, in practice it is very difficult to find the owner of a found animal, because there is no obligation to tag animals. As a result animals – until they are given to new owners – are maintained in animal shelters at the cost of local self-governments. This incurs substantial expenditures from public funds, and is not beneficial to animals as such.
EN
The article is of a scientific research nature and its main aim is to compare Polish and Estonian legal regulations on homeless (stray) animals and to evaluate them and formulate optimisation proposals. The analysis of national regulations was preceded by findings on how the issue in question is regulated in international law and EU law. The issue needs to be addressed due to the fact that the problem of the protection of homeless animals, despite the ever-increasing number of such animals, has been marginalised in all the legal orders discussed in this text. In any case, both in Poland and Estonia, their normative solutions are focused more on remedying the effects than on preventing the causes of the problem of homelessness of animals. Moreover, it is extremely rare that this issue becomes the subject of in-depth scientific analysis. Therefore, the intention is that the dissemination of previously unpublished research results will help develop an optimal model for the administrative-law protection of homeless animals and will raise the degree of public awareness of the legal protection of animals, which is one of the conditions for further progress in civilisation.
PL
Artykuł ma charakter naukowo-badawczy, a jego zasadniczym celem jest porównanie polskich i estońskich uregulowań prawnych dotyczących zwierząt bezdomnych (bezpańskich) oraz dokonanie ich oceny i sformułowanie postulatów optymalizacyjnych. Analiza regulacji krajowych została poprzedzona ustaleniami, w jaki sposób przedmiotowa kwestia unormowana jest w prawie międzynarodowym i unijnym. Za podjęciem tego zagadnienia przemawia przede wszystkim fakt, iż problem ochrony zwierząt bezdomnych, mimo stale rosnącej ich liczby, został zmarginalizowany we wszystkich omawianych w tym tekście porządkach prawnych. Zarówno w Polsce, jak i w Estonii przyjęte rozwiązania normatywne bardziej skoncentrowane są na usuwaniu skutków niż na zapobieganiu przyczynom problemu bezdomności wśród zwierząt. Ponadto niezwykle rzadko zagadnienie to staje się przedmiotem pogłębionych analiz naukowych. Z założenia więc upowszechnienie niepublikowanych wcześniej wyników badań pomoże w wypracowaniu optymalnego modelu administracyjnoprawnej ochrony zwierząt bezdomnych oraz podniesie poziom świadomości społecznej w przedmiocie ochrony prawnej zwierząt, co jest jednym z warunków dalszego postępu cywilizacyjnego.
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