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Structural Violence

100%

Chrobak K.

Horyzonty Polityki

2022

vol. 13

issue 42

171-186

Research Objective: The article aims to analyse the concept of structural violence to outline its essential theoretical references. The Research Problem and Methods: The main problem raised in the text is the distinction of structural violence against other forms of violence. The article uses the method of conceptual analysis supplemented with case studies. The Process of Argumentation: The definition of structural violence proposed in the paper emphasizes the presence of intentional or unintentional systemic conditions that violate or limit the rights of individuals or groups. In the order of analysis, structural violence is first distinguished from other forms of violence: personal and legitimist. There are three forms of structural violence manifestation: social injustice, direct violence caused by an unjust social system, and a permanent threat embedded in the social system. In connection with the above, the possibility of identifying structural violence with theoretical tools developed by John Rawls to specify the conditions of structural justice is indicated. As a critical complement to this approach, a caveat is discussed that shows that however useful, Rawls’s approach may not be sufficient. Finally, the issue of cultural and symbolic violence is analysed. Research Results: The conclusion drawn from the presented analysis is that structural violence is inextricably linked with social structure. A significant difficulty in minimizing it is that its sources are often invisible, remaining somewhat outside the framework of the current social paradigm. Therefore, the fight against this type of violence requires far-reaching interventions at the level of public awareness. Conclusions, Innovations, and Recommendations: Recommendations that can be derived from the above considerations focus on the need to conduct social campaigns that have the opportunity to gradually change social awareness and the often unconscious social status quo.

Tři podoby solidarity a solidarita jako odpověď na strukturální nespravedlnost

72%

Matiaško M.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

2023

vol. 162

issue 9

793-808

The paper examines the concept of solidarity as discussed in contemporary political philosophy. It is a concept that has remarkable constitutional-legal relevance, but it has received much less attention than other concepts. In the literature, solidarity is understood as a polysemantic concept and typically three forms of solidarity are distinguished: social, civic and political solidarity. In this paper, I will introduce these three forms of solidarity and then look more closely at civic solidarity. The latter is associated with the concept of the welfare state and draws our attention to the specificities of relations that already emerge in the political community and can produce arrangements that could be described as unjust. And it is precisely the motif of injustice, in its specific form of structural injustice as Iris Marion Young has thought of it, that guides my discussion of civic solidarity and its relevance for constitutional and human rights theory and practice, because it points to specific background phenomena to which we should not be indifferent.

Příspěvek se zabývá pojmem solidarita, jak je diskutován v současné politické filosofii. Jde o pojem, který má pozoruhodnou ústavněprávní relevanci, ale je mu věnováno mnohem méně pozornosti než jiným pojmům. V literatuře se solidarita chápe jako polysémantický pojem a typicky se rozlišují tři podoby solidarity: solidarita sociální, občanská a politická. V tomto příspěvku představím tyto tři podoby solidarity a následně se blíže zaměřím na solidaritu občanskou. Ta je spojována s konceptem sociálního státu a upozorňuje nás na specifika vztahů, které vznikají již v politickém společenství a můžou vytvářet i takové uspořádání, které by bylo možné popsat jako nespravedlivé. A právě motiv nespravedlnosti, a to v její specifické podobě strukturální nespravedlnosti, jak o ní uvažovala Iris Marion Young, provází mou diskusi o občanské solidaritě a jejím významu pro ústavněprávní, respektive lidskoprávní teorii a praxi, protože poukazuje na specifické jevy v pozadí, vůči kterým bychom neměli být lhostejní.

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1 Horyzonty Polityki

1 Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

1 Chrobak K.

1 Matiaško M.

1 2023

1 2022

Search results

Structural Violence

Tři podoby solidarity a solidarita jako odpověď na strukturální nespravedlnost