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PL
Przedstawiono praktyczne aspekty programowania w języku Java. Zbadano możliwości zwiększenia wydajności programu w Javie w obrębie zarządzania zasobami. Przeprowadzono pomiary czasu wykonania programu dla operacji strumieniowych w zakresie odczytu i zapisu pliku z zastosowaniem zwykłej techniki zamykania pliku (instrukcja try) oraz automatycznego zarządzania zasobami (try-with-resources). Wykazano, że właściwie zapisany kod programu ma duży wpływ na wydajność programu Javy. Odpowiednia konstrukcja kodu Javy może znacznie skrócić czas wykonywania programu Javy.
XX
The article discusses some aspects of the efficiency of programming in Java. Performance testing of Java code related to automatic resource management were conducted. The measurements of the runtime of the program for operation in the field of streaming read and write the file using the try and a try-with-resources. The research has shown that a properly written program code has a large impact on the efficiency of a Java program. The proper design of Java code can significant-ly shorten the runtime of the Java program.
EN
The article is devoted to a discussion and analysis of the two basic meanings of the concept of `capital': the material meaning, understood as a set of economic factors; and the financial meaning understood as a financial fund which may be invested in any combination of economic factors. We owe this differentiation to J. R. Hicks (Nobel Prize for economics in 1972). He points to the fact that economists often talk about the capital in two different meanings, which may lead to misunderstandings. In the history of the economic thought also two schools of thinking about the capital may be distinguished: those of `materialists' and of `financiers'. This differentiation is crosswise to the classical divisions. Hicks includes economists belonging to the neo-classical school of economics (A. Marshall) in the category of materialists; and both Smith and Marx (with his classical definition of the capital as „value which profits additional value”) to financiers. In finance the one-sided approach of the fund capital is the dominant one. The conclusion of the article is that both approaches are useful.
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