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EN
Participating in the Erasmus Lifelong Learning Programme is for all its participants, students, lecturers and academic institutions alike, an important investment for the future. The experience accumulated by the Institute of Political Science over a dozen or so years demonstrates that it is a profitable investment. The ability to take advantage of the rich study abroad offer under the Erasmus programme is for some high-school graduates a key incentive to take up studies at the IPS, at the University of Warsaw. IPS staff benefit from their experience gained at foreign universities while foreign students have learnt to see the Institute of Political Science as a major academic centre in Europe.
EN
Participating in the Erasmus Lifelong Learning Programme is for all its participants, students, lecturers and academic institutions alike, an important investment for the future. The experience accumulated by the Institute of Political Science over a dozen or so years demonstrates that it is a profitable investment. The ability to take advantage of the rich study abroad offer under the Erasmus programme is for some high-school graduates a key incentive to take up studies at the IPS, at the University of Warsaw. IPS staff benefit from their experience gained at foreign universities while foreign students have learnt to see the Institute of Political Science as a major academic centre in Europe.
EN
Latvia has some of the highest poverty and social exclusion rates in the European Union. Consequently, also the proportion of secondary school students with high risk of academic failure is high. There exists a direct relationship between students’ socioeconomic background and educational achievements: on the whole, students from well-off background shave higher educational performance than pupils coming from economically disadvantaged families. At the same time, studies have shown that a certain number of economically disadvantaged students are capable to positively adapt to critical situation and to earn high educational achievements despite all difficulties and problems caused by material deprivation. The article deals with the factors contributing educational achievements of children from economically disadvantaged families in Latvia and focuses on the aim to find out the possibilities for improving school performance of children from such families. The theoretical framework is constructed according to author’s model that includes P. Bourdieu, J. S. Coleman and C. Buchmann views on family and school capital effect on students’ achievements, B. Bernstein and A. Lareau approach to the interpretation of cultural capital, and ideas of individual social capital theorists’ – H. Flap and N. Lin – , as well as R. Burtand and X.S. Briggs. The research project includes analysis of information gathered from interviews with members of economically disadvantaged families, reflects on the circumstances of those families, and characterizes restrictions in provision of education caused by economic deprivation. Factors contributing to high educational achievements of students from economically disadvantaged families in Latvia as well as social resilience – result of interaction among those factors ñ have been assessed based on data from the internationally comparative education study OECD PISA2006. M. Ungar approach to social resilience as the concept construed in certain society and culture as result of interaction between positive changes contributing factors – is implemented. Using the guidelines of capital theory, implemented by V. Meņšikovs within the sociological analysis of Latvian Youth, and the concept of social resilience, it is concluded that economically disadvantaged families do not form a homogenous group – although they share a similar socio-economic status, they are different with regards to other forms of family capital: human, cultural and social capital. Socially resilient students from economically disadvantaged families use these other forms of family capital along with school-level capital and personal capital to reach high educational achievements.
EN
Introduction: Significant psychophysiological burdens and unhealthy lifestyle constitute the risk factors leading to students’ health deterioration. Purpose: The purpose of the research was the analysis of students’ health condition and lifestyle in medical university. Material and methods: The objects of the research were 100 third year students of the Faculties of General Medicine and Pediatrics of Grodno State Medical University. For the study of students’ orientation on healthy lifestyle, a special scale-type questionnaire was developed and used. Results: According to the respondents’ opinions it has been detected that the basic factors influencing the state of health are the lifestyle and the living conditions. The students activity is evaluated as very low as well as their rational nutrition. The majority of them smoke and drink alcohol. Conclusions: The peculiarities of studying at a medical university accompanied by imbalanced nutrition might lead to the deterioration of health in the students which are doctors to be. The results ought to lead to the optimization of prophylaxis programs and entire alteration of the students’ lifestyles.
PL
Wstęp: Istotne psychofizjologiczne problemy i niezdrowy styl życia młodzieży są czynnikami ryzyka prowadzącymi do pogorszenia stanu zdrowia. Cel: Ocena stanu zdrowia i stylu życia studentów Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Grodnie. Materiał i metody: Przebadano 100 studentów trzeciego roku wydziałów Medycyny Ogólnej i Pediatrii Uniwersytetu Medycz-nego w Grodnie. W tym celu został opracowany i wykorzystany specjalny kwestionariusz ankiety anonimowej. Wyniki: Głównymi czynnikami, które wpływają na stan zdrowia studentów, są styl i warunki życia. Studenci wykazują niską aktywność ruchową oraz nieprzestrzeganie zasad racjonalnego odżywiania. Duża liczba studentów pali papierosy i spożywa napoje alkoholowe. Wnioski: Psychofizjologiczne problemy procesu szkolenia w połączeniu z nieracjonalnym odżywianiem mogą prowadzić do pogorszenia stanu zdrowia studentów Uniwersytetu Medycznego – przyszłych lekarzy. Stąd temat ten powinien zająć czołowe miejsce w przyszłych programach profilaktycznych.
EN
The tendencies and aspects of the quality of knowledge sources and its content, the cognition of the subject, may be reflected in the use of a socio-psychological phenomenon such as epistemological attitude. The concept of epistemological attitude reflects on the student’s cognitive orientation model, which is based on evaluative aspects of knowledge sources or psychological reactions ñ cognitive, emotionally prognostic, action / behavioural and pragmatic. Based on this model, the Epistemological Attitude Questionnaire (EAQ) was developed to determine the formal and substantive aspects of the assessment of five sources of knowledge, namely, scientific literature and articles, a lecturer in a higher education institution, popular science journals and newspapers, popular science television broadcasts, Internet resources, and significance of the sources of knowledge. The aim of the article is to study the content of student epistemological attitude towards the sources of knowledge and its relation to the study programmes in Latvia and the Netherlands. Results reflected that the content of the epistemological attitude depends on the type of source of knowledge to be studied and evaluated. As well as, peculiarities of source cognition and evaluation among the students of Latvia and the Netherlands have been identified, finding statistically significant differences in the epistemological attitude towards all sources of knowledge to be evaluated. It was found that the study programme was related to the epistemological attitude towards several sources of knowledge in Latvia and the Netherlands. In general, the results of this study show that the peculiarities of cognition of the source of knowledge are related to the type of the source of knowledge, a socio-cultural factor of the student’s academic environment and student’s study direction or study programme.
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Studenci o zdrowiu i aktywności fizycznej

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EN
The article presents the results of a diagnostic survey conducted among students of pedagogy, the aim of which was to find out the respondents’ opinions on health and physical activity undertaken in comparison with a number of restrictions introduced in connection with the coronavirus pandemic. The study presents the definitions of health proposed by the respondents, primarily as the physical and mental well-being of the body and the absence of disease. Among the activities significant for health, the following were listed: regular physical activity, rational diet and preventive medical tests. A significant group of survey participants indicated physical activity, such as: cycling, exercising at home and at the gym, running and walking.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki sondażu diagnostycznego przeprowadzonego wśród studentów pedagogiki, którego celem było poznanie opinii respondentów na temat zdrowia oraz podejmowanej aktywności fizycznej w zestawieniu z szeregiem ograniczeń wprowadzonych w związku z pandemią koronawirusa. W opracowaniu przedstawiono zaproponowane przez badanych definicje zdrowia, przede wszystkim jako dobrostanu fizycznego i psychicznego organizmu oraz braku choroby. Wśród czynności znaczących dla zdrowia wymieniano: systematyczną aktywność fizyczną, racjonalną dietę i badania profilaktyczne. Znaczna grupa uczestników sondażu wskazała na podejmowanie aktywności fizycznej typu: jazda na rowerze, ćwiczenia w domu i siłowni, bieganie i spacery.
PL
Niezaprzeczalnym prawem każdego dziecka, także niepełnosprawnego, niedostosowanego społecznie, mającego trudności w uczeniu się, jest prawo do edukacji. Aktualnie obowiązujące rozwiązania prawne zmierzają do zorganizowania zintegrowanych działań pedagogicznych, w trakcie indywidualizowanych zajęć edukacyjnych. Szkoła jest w pełni odpowiedzialna za zorganizowanie odpowiedniej organizacji działań dla uczniów o zróżnicowanych potrzebach edukacyjnych.
EN
The undeniable right of every child, includingthe disabled, socially unadjusted and those with learning disabilities, is to have the right to education. The current legal solutions aim to organize integrated pedagogical activities during individualized educational classes. The school is fully responsible for arranging proper organization of activities for students with diverse educational needs.
EN
The aim of the study was to recognize the self-efficacy of teacher education candidates for the teaching profession. Both generalized and specific self-efficacy has been studied for physical education teachers, as well as their correlation was defined. The studies were carried out by using a diagnostic survey among 80 students of the Academy of Physical Education in Katowice. The Scale of Generalized Self-Efficacy and Physical Education Teaching Efficacy Scale were applied. The research results indicate that teacher education candidates have high self-efficacy in both scale studies. The highest self-efficacy is achieved in the area of individualization of teaching skills, the lowest in teaching pupils with special needs. Studies have shown that students who have higher generalized self-efficacy feel more effective in tasks, related to fulfilling the role of a physical education teacher.
PL
Celem badań było rozpoznanie poczucia własnej skuteczności (PWS) studentów – kandydatów do zawodu nauczyciela. Badano PWS zarówno uogólnione, jak i specyficzne dla nauczycieli wychowania fizycznego, a także określono ich współzależność. Badania przeprowadzono metodą sondażu diagnostycznego wśród 80 studentów AWF w Katowicach. Zastosowano Skalę Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności oraz Physical Education Teaching Efficacy Scale. Wyniki badań wskazują, że przyszli nauczyciele legitymują się wysokim PWS w obu badanych skalach. Najwyższe poczucie skuteczności osiągają w zakresie umiejętności indywidualizacji kształcenia, najniższe w nauczaniu uczniów o specjalnych potrzebach edukacyjnych. Badania wykazały, że studenci, którzy mają wyższe uogólnione poczucie własnej skuteczności czują się także bardziej skuteczni w zadaniach związanych z wypełnianiem roli nauczyciela wychowania fizycznego.
EN
Th e article shows the main characteristics and features of the higher professional education of the Republic of Belarus in 20th century, information on number and departmental accountability of universities, information on number of students and the impact of graduates on the socio-economic development of the Republic in 2011–2015. Th is article presents an analysis of the following documents: Socio-Economic Development Program of the Republic of Belarus in 2011–2015. (in the sphere of education), Th e Activities of Belarusian Government on the Fulfi llment of Socio-Economic Development Program of Belarus in 2011–2015, Th e National Strategy of Sustainable Social and Economic Development of Belarus for the period till 2020, Th e State Program of Higher Education Development in 2011–2015, the data of Th e National Statistics Committee of the Republic of Belarus. Th e main achievements and the distinctive features of the Belarusian educational paradigm are identifi ed in the article, some imperfections and their solutions to the mentioned issues are identifi ed.
RU
В статье раскрываются основные черты и функции высшего про- фессионального образования Республики Беларусь в ХХIвеке, сведе- ния о количестве и ведомственной подотчетности вузов, количестве студентов, сведения о влиянии выпускников вузов на социально-э- кономическое развитие Республики в 2011–2015 годах. В статье представлен анализ следующих документов: Программы социаль- но-экономического развития Республики Беларусь на 2011–2015 гг. (в области образования), Мероприятий Правительства Республики Беларусь по выполнению Программы социально-экономического развития Республики Беларусь на 2011–2015 годы, Национальной стратегии устойчивого социально-экономического развития Респу- блики Беларусь на период до 2020 г., Государственной программы развития высшего образования на 2011–2015 годы, данных Наци- онального статистического комитета республики Беларусь. Опре- делены основные достижения, отличительные черты белорусской образовательной парадигмы, отмечены некоторые недостатки и пути решения обозначенных проблем.
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