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Nowa ludowa historia: charakterystyka i społeczno-polityczne korzenie współczesnych narracji o historii chłopów polskich

100%

Gospodarczyk M., Kożuchowski Ł.

Studia Socjologiczne

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2021

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issue 2(241)

177-198

PL

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie charakterystyki współczesnych publikacji dotyczących historii ludowej Polski oraz kontekstu ich powstania. Uwaga autorów skupia się na pozycjach popularnonaukowych, takich jak Ludowa historia Polski Adama Leszczyńskiego czy Bękarty pańszczyzny Michała Rauszera, które łączy nowe podejście do historii ludowej, zakładające podkreślanie sprawczości podporządkowanych, odejście od „historii szlacheckiej”. Powstawanie nowych publikacji dotyczących historii ludowej Polski jest nie tylko wyrazem osobistych motywacji autorów, ale też konsekwencją szeroko rozumianego współczesnego otoczenia społeczno-politycznego. Zainteresowanie opinii publicznej „ludem” jest, według autorów, częściowo pokłosiem wyborów z 2015 roku i późniejszych analiz, kiedy to lud wyłonił się jako podmiot polityczny, a także częścią lewicowego oporu wobec prowadzonej przez rząd Prawa i Sprawiedliwości polityki historycznej.

EN

The article presents the characteristics of contemporary scholarship devoted to Polish people’s history as well as the context of their creation. The authors focus on two prominent texts: Ludowa historia Polski [The People’s History of Poland] by Adam Leszczyński and Bękarty pańszczyzny [Bastards of Serfdom] by Michał Rauszer. Both books employ a new approach to peasant history by emphasizing the agency of the subaltern and departing from ‘the history of nobility’. The emergence of new publications on Polish people’s history is not only an expression of the authors’ personal motivations but also a consequence of contemporary socio-political climate. The public interest in ‘the people’ is partially an outcome of the 2015 elections, which caused ‘the people’ to emerge as a political subject, and partially a manifestation of the left distancing itself from the historical politics of the current Polish government.

2

Ashapurna Devi’s “Women” – Emerging Identities in Colonial and Postcolonial Bengal

99%

Chattopadhyay S.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2012

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vol. 2

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issue 1

75-95

EN

Kobiety w pisarwstwie Ashapurny Devi – wyłanianie się nowych tożsamości w kolonialnym i postkolonialnym Bengalu. Ashapurna Devi, a prominent Bengali woman novelist (1909–1995) focused on women’s creativity and enlightenment during the colonial and postcolonial period in Bengal, India. She herself displayed immense will power, tenacity and an indomitable spirit which enabled her to eke out a prominent place for herself in the world of creative writing. Her life spanned both colonial India and independent India and these diverse experiences shaped her mind and persona and helped her to portray the emerging face of the enlightened Bengali middle-class woman. Her writings trace the evolution of the Bengali woman as an enlightened and empowered individual struggling against the shackles of discriminatory norms imposed upon her by society. She traces the extremely conservative upbringing that the female members of her generation were subjected to and goes on to show how different individuals responded to these structures in different ways. Some would comply unquestioningly, some would comply simply because they did not dare to protest, while others would break free and find their own niche in the outside world. These issues are addressed by Ashapurna Devi in many short stories as well, but a critical analysis of her trilogy Pratham Pratisruti (1964), Subarnalata (1967) and Bokulkatha (1974) enables us to experience this struggle against a gradually unfolding backdrop where India moves on from being a British colony to an independent country. The trilogy traces the life of three generations of a family — Satyabati, Subarna and finally Bokul and establishes Ashapurna Devi as a path-breaking champion of women’s emancipation in an era when such endeavours were few and far between.

3

Similarities and Differences in Postcolonial Bengali Women’s Writings: The Case of Mahasweta Debi and Mallika Sengupta

71%

Knotková-Čapková B.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2012

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vol. 2

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issue 1

97-115

EN

Podobieństwa i różnice w twórczości Bengalek w okresie postkolonialnym na przykłądzie Mahashwety Debi i Malliki Sengupty. The emancipation of women has become a strong critical discourse in Bengali literature since the 19th century. Only since the second half of the 20th century, however, have female writers markedly stepped out of the shadow of their male colleagues, and the writings on women become more and more often articulated by women themselves. In this article, I focus on particular concepts of femininity in selected texts of two outstanding writers of different generations, a prose writer, and a woman poet: Mahasweta Debi (b. 1926) and Mallika Sengupta (1960–2011). Analyzing Mahasweta’s female characters, I focus on the issue of the double marginalization of dalit tribal women; we can find here impacts of intersectional discrimination of class, gender and caste. Debi is very radical in her social criticism but is quite reluctant to accept the label of feminism. Mallika, on the other hand, represents a movement among the female writers of her generation that openly declares her support for feminist ideologies, which can be demonstrated on some of the examples referred to here. Another important strand of Mallika’s constructions of femininity are archetypal images — mythological metaphors of femininity (in the Hindu context) which may in some cases be interpreted in accordance with difference feminism, in others as a critique of the essentialized and dichotomous concepts of masculinity and femininity. While Mahasweta’s emancipation drive is more deeply grounded in her field research and journalistic activism in the tribal areas she writes about, Mallika’s has been more strongly linked with the academia and has joined the theoretical feminist discourse. Through a close reading the women’s emancipation discourse of these two protagonists in Bengali literature, we can speak of a shift from a practical, concrete criticism, to a theoretically founded radicalism.

4

Studium analogii między postkomunizmem a postkolonializmem

71%

Ştefănescu B.

Miscellanea Posttotalitariana Wratislaviensia

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2014

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vol. 2: Postkolonializm — tożsamość — gender. Europa Środkowa, Wschodnia i Południowo-Wschodnia

107 - 127

EN

The article deals with the shyness of academics in approaching the colonial issues of the postcommunist world. The coloniality of former Soviet republics and satellites presents critics with both ideological and epistemic embarrassment and it has generally been met with reserve in academic circles. Though Soviet colonial imperialism has been amply documented, scholarly overviews blatantly disregard colonialism as a general subject that may be applied outside particular concerns with Western capitalism and the result is a distorted, Westcentric picture of colonialism as a theoretical category. The article proposes to shed light on some of the probable causes for this reticence and deconstructs the monumentalization of ideologies like liberal humanism or Marxism by observing their modulations in different historical and political contexts. These qualifications and nuances assist the author’s effort to reclaim the coloniality of (post)communist experience.

5

Revolutionizing Agency: Sameness and Difference in the Representation of Women by Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain and Mahasweta Devi

71%

Mukherjee P.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2012

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vol. 2

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issue 1

117-127

EN

Rewolucjonizacja działania: zbieżności i różnice w sposobie reprezentowania kobiet przez Rokeyę Sakhawat Hossain i Mahashwetę Devi. In this paper the sameness and difference between two distinguished Indian authors, Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (1880–1932) and Mahasweta Devi (b. 1926), representing two generations almost a century apart, will be under analysis in order to trace the generational transformation in women’s writing in India, especially Bengal. Situated in the colonial and postcolonial frames of history, Hossain and Mahasweta Devi may be contextualized differently. At the same time their subjects are also differently categorized; the former is not particularly concerned with subalterns whereas the latter specifically focuses on the effect of race and class on gender. The quest for the ‘self’ and ‘subjectivity’ is more pertinent in the latter and consequently the appeal for agency is based on a crude power struggle. Hossain, a philanthropist who championed the woman question, believed that striving for equality should be a collective process which could be achieved by spreading awareness among fellow-inmates inhabiting the prison of patriarchy. Like Euro-American first-wave feminists, Rokeya advocated the necessity of education among women in order for them to be able to comprehend their plight and ‘awake’ for the cause. She addresses fundamental issues of feminism like education and the systematized claustrophobia within the domestic space. Whereas Mahasweta Devi, has been an activist writer who is regarded as the brand ambassador for the support of the marginalized, deprived and denotified tribes of India. It is her mission to provide succour to the marginalized sections, especially tribes from the Purulia district of West Bengal, like the Kherias and Shabars. As an activist writer she explores tribal life and allied socio-political issues which reflect their agony.

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Kolonializm – Dekolonizacja – Postkolonializm. Rozważania o istocie i periodyzacji

61%

Mazurczak W.

Przegląd Politologiczny

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2016

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issue 3

131-144

EN

The importance of the colonial era in world history can hardly be exaggerated. In recent years, we have seen a rapid growth of publications dedicated to colonialism and, primarily, to postcolonialism. Some philologists, cultural studies theorists, historians, sociologists and political scientists, lawyers, economists and even physicians and psychologists have spoken on these issues. This results in terminological chaos and different interpretations of many seemingly obvious concepts, calling for some order to be introduced. The aim of this paper is to define basic categories, such as colonialism and decolonization, neo-colonialism and postcolonialism, as well as to indicate their territorial and chronological boundaries. This is an attempt to explain the matters written from the perspective of a scholar dealing with the history of colonialism, that is a historian and political scientist combined. The paper presents considerations with regard to the definition, scope and concept of colonialism, its development in the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries – from its genesis, through the expansion of European states, until its crisis, which started in the early years of World War I and, finally, to its collapse after World War II. Next, the concept of decolonization is touched upon along the factors accelerating the decolonization process. New proposals of periodization also come into view. The final part of the paper mulls over postcolonialism and, by this token, reflects on colonialism and, first and foremost, on its aftermath and remnants in the modern world. Increasingly nowadays, studies are not restricted only to the history of colonialism and decolonization, and it is emphasized that there are different types of subordination. Therefore, a new approach should cover the history and perspectives of all the subsidiary groups, such as marginalized people (that includes women, lower social classes, national and sexual minorities, etc.). In this sense, colonialism still exists, and perhaps this is the reason for the increased academic interest in issues which seemed not long ago to be merely a historical category.

PL

Trudno przecenić znaczenie epoki kolonialnej dla dziejów świata. W ostatnich latach obserwujemy wręcz lawinowy wzrost publikacji już nie tylko o kolonializmie ale przede wszystkim o postkolonializmie. Głos zabierają filolodzy, kulturoznawcy, historycy, socjolodzy i politolodzy, prawnicy, ekonomiści a nawet medycy i psycholodzy, co często wprowadza chaos i różne rozumienie wielu wydawałoby się oczywistych pojęć. To wszystko wymaga uporządkowania. Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie podstawowych kategorii takich jak kolonializm i dekolonizacja, neokolonializm i postkolonializm, zakreślenie ich granic terytorialnych i chronologicznych. To swego rodzaju próba wyjaśnienia dyskusji, pisana przez historyka i politologa, a więc z perspektywy człowieka zajmującego się dziejami kolonializmu. W artykule przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące definicji i zakresu pojęcia kolonializm, jego rozwój w XIX i pierwszej połowie XX wieku – od genezy poprzez ekspansję państw europejskich aż do jego kryzysu, którego początki widzieć powinniśmy już w latach I wojny światowej i wreszcie jego rozpadu po II wojnie światowej. Następnie omówiono pojęcie dekolonizacji, czynniki przyśpieszające dekolonizację oraz nowe propozycje periodyzacyjne. Ostatnia część artykułu to rozważania na temat postkolonializmu, a więc nowej refleksji nad kolonializmem a przede wszystkim nad jego konsekwencjami i pozostałościami we współczesnym świecie. Coraz częściej bowiem nie ograniczano się tylko do historii kolonializmu i dekolonizacji. Podkreślano, że istnieją różne rodzaje podporządkowania, a nowe ujęcie powinno dotyczyć historii i perspektyw wszystkich grup podporządkowanych np. ludzi zmarginalizowanych (klas niższych, kobiet, mniejszości narodowych i seksualnych itp.). W tym sensie kolonializm trwa nadal i stąd być może ten wzrost zainteresowania i aktualność problematyki, która jeszcze niedawno wydawała się kategorią już tylko historyczną.

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3 ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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1 Gospodarczyk M.

1 Knotková-Čapková B.

1 Kożuchowski Ł.

1 Mazurczak W.

1 Mukherjee P.

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3 2012

Nowa ludowa historia: charakterystyka i społeczno-polityczne korzenie współczesnych narracji o historii chłopów polskich

Ashapurna Devi’s “Women” – Emerging Identities in Colonial and Postcolonial Bengal

Similarities and Differences in Postcolonial Bengali Women’s Writings: The Case of Mahasweta Debi and Mallika Sengupta

Studium analogii między postkomunizmem a postkolonializmem

Revolutionizing Agency: Sameness and Difference in the Representation of Women by Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain and Mahasweta Devi

Kolonializm – Dekolonizacja – Postkolonializm. Rozważania o istocie i periodyzacji