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EN
This paper focuses on the two most widely used universalist approaches that attempt to present a unified account of the Spanish subjunctive. Both Vesterinen’s and Ruiz Campillo’s concepts are based on principles of cognitive linguistics and represent two largely contradictory ways to define a unified principle for the use of a particular verbal form: from an abstract principle to usage and from concrete linguistic manifestations to the search for an underlying function. This paper contrasts the two theories and points out their strengths and weaknesses. We conclude that an uncontroversial universalist theory describing all uses of the Spanish subjunctive has not yet been developed in linguistics; rather both theories are a tool to illustrate how complex and difficult it is to analyse the phenomenon of mood choice.
EN
The paper deals with the development in the usage of verbal moods following verba opinandi in preclassical and classical French. An evident change in mood usage following these verbs had taken place in the 17th century, namely a decline of the subjunctive in favour of the indicative, which became the norm in affirmative sentences by the end of the century. The aim was to verify theoretical information from old and historical grammars on the evidence of authentic texts in FRANTEXT, a set of French diachronic corpora. This research enabled the derivation of statistics to identify a turning point in the development, which appears to be around the year 1640. It also revealed distinctions between different sentence types in respect of the indicative/subjunctive ratio. Whereas affirmative sentences tend towards the indicative as the only possible mode, the subjunctive is retained in negations, questions and conditionals, since these sentence types exhibit a more negative epistemic modality, typically expressed with the subjunctive.
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