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Over the last years, the number of both national and foreign adoptions has been decreasing. In the years 2015–2018 the number of adoption decisions went down by over 20 percent. NIK decided to examine whether adoption centres perform their tasks related to adoption procedures in an appropriate and effective manner. During the audit, NIK checked, among others, whether the process of qualifying children for adoption and the adoption procedures, national and foreign alike, were compliant with the legal requirements and what the level of effectiveness of those activities was. Another issue audited concerned whether adoption centres provided for an appropriate and efficient selection of adoption parents. Finally, NIK evaluated the activities of regional governors as for the compliance of the organising and financing of adoption centres, and how the regional boards controlled their activities.
EN
The article deals with the evolution of foster care, especially its legal aspect. The author refers to the idea of protection of human rights and the principle of subsidiarity as philosophical grounds for the functioning of this institution. Foster care can assume either the form of kinship placement (foster families, family-type children’s home) or an institutional form (various types of institutional establishments). The law prefers kinship placement, but the author emphasizes that in fact the best form of foster care is the one which in a specific situation offers the greatest chance of the child’s return to its family. The Act on Supporting the Family and the System of Foster Care passed on 9th June 2011 is evidence of the functioning of foster care first and foremost as a form of supporting the family.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy ewolucji pieczy zastępczej, w tym zwłaszcza prawnego jej aspektu. Autor wskazuje na ideę ochrony praw człowieka i zasadę pomocniczości jako filozoficzny fundament jej funkcjonowania. Piecza zastępcza może mieć formę rodzinną (rodziny zastępcze i rodzinne domy dziecka) oraz instytucjonalną (różnego typu placówki instytucjonalne). Prawo preferuje formy rodzinne, jednak autor podkreśla, że najlepszą formą jest ta, która w konkretnej sytuacji daje największe szanse powrotu dziecka do rodziny. Uchwalona 9 czerwca 2011 r. Ustawa o wspieraniu rodziny i systemie pieczy zastępczej jest dowodem na kontynuację funkcjonowania pieczy zastępczej jako przede wszystkim formy wspierania rodziny.
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