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GIS-BASED APPROACH TO ESTIMATE SURFACE RUNOFF IN SMALL CATCHMENTS: A CASE STUDY

100%
Vojtek M., Vojteková J.
Quaestiones Geographicae
|
2016
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vol. 35
|
issue 3
97-116
EN
The issue of surface runoff assessment is one of the important and relevant topics of hydrological as well as geographical research. The aim of the paper is therefore to estimate and assess surface runoff on the example of Vyčoma catchment which is located in the Western Slovakia. For this purpose, SCS runoff curve number method, modeling in GIS and remote sensing were used. An important task was the creation of a digital elevation model (DEM), which enters the surface runoff modeling and affects its accuracy. Great attention was paid to the spatial interpretation of land use categories applying aerial imagery from 2013 and hydrological soil groups as well as calculation of maximum daily rainfall with N-year return periods as partial tasks in estimating surface runoff. From the methodological point of view, the importance of the paper can be seen in the use of a simple GIS-based approach to assess the surface runoff conditions in a small catchment.
2
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Wybrane problemy zagospodarowania zlewni górskich w aspekcie ochrony zbiorników zaporowych w Karpatach Polskich

72%
Jaguś A.
Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering
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2021
|
vol. 1(21)
1-15
EN
The current spatial development of the catchment area in the Polish Carpathians shows features that accelerate the water cycle and its erosive activity. The region is characterized, among others, by: insufficient forest cover, the presence of fallow land and abandoned land, scattering of buildings, disturbance of the course of agro-forest borders, excessive number of dirt roads and various hardened surfaces, degradation of forest ecosystems. This translates into siltation and pollution of Carpathian dam reservoirs important for the water and economic system of the country. The aim of the article is to present selected principles and methods of arranging the catchment area in the Polish Carpathians in terms of improving the catchment retention capacity and, at the same time, the quality of water. The result of proper management would be a stable supply of good quality water to the reservoirs. Protective activity for water resources should focus on replacing surface runoff with ground runoff in order to increase the retention capacity of the area and protect against erosion. The key is to properly shape the plant cover, which at the same time protects the water quality. The watershed zones and steep slopes should be forested. Permanent grasslands for extensive animal breeding should be considered the optimal form of agricultural use of the Carpa-thian areas. Together with forest areas with a good health condition, they not only create favorable water conditions, but also ensure the preservation of biodiversity. The maintenance of arable land is permitted up to an altitude of 700 m a.s.l. and requires good agricultural practice to minimize soil erosion and nitrate migration. It is unacceptable to leave the soil without plant cover. River bed zones and watercourse beds require appropriate technical or biological support to prevent the development of bedside erosion and sediment displacement, as well as the ingestion of material from slopes. Plant communities near the river beds should be protected under landscape protection.
3
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Ocena potencjału instrumentów Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej w ochronie wód i bioróżnorodności

58%
Borek R.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2020
|
issue 3 (101)
56-71
PL
Efektywność i skuteczność instrumentów Polityki Rolnej w ochronie zasobów zależy w dużej mierze od przeprowadzenia wiarygodnej oceny potencjału ich oddziaływania na środowisko. Przedstawiony w pracy przegląd wskaźników i analiza mechanizmów wdrażania instrumentów WPR w kontekście ochrony wód i bioróżnorodności, wskazuje na znaczący potencjał WPR we wdrażaniu polityki adaptacji i przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom wód i zaniku bioróżnorodności. Do praktyk rolnych posiadających największy wpływ na ochronę zasobów wodnych należy zaliczyć: zalesianie gruntów ornych, zachowanie naturalnych siedlisk, wprowadzanie uprawy konserwującej, systemów rolno-leśnych, zadrzewionych i zadarnionych elementów krajobrazu oraz optymalizacja obsady zwierząt i wypasu. Znaczącą redukcję wymycia biogenów z pól można również osiągnąć poprzez optymalizację aplikacji nawozów. Istotne oszczędności z tytułu użytkowania wody można uzyskać poprzez zastosowanie kroplowych instalacji nawadniających, sterowanych komputerowo. Szczególnie ważne jest wpieranie wielokierunkowej produkcji w gospodarstwach oraz działań, poprawiających jednocześnie świadczenie kilku usług ekosystemowych.
EN
The effciency and effectiveness of Common Agricultural Policy instruments for resources protection depends primarily on reliable assessment of their potential environmental impact. Overview of the environmental indicators, presented in the paper shows significant potential of the CAP instruments for climate change adaptation policies, sustainable management of water and biodiversity loss prevention measures. The most important positive effects are the following practices: afforestation of arable lands, conservation of natural habitats, conservation tillage, agroforestry systems, landscape elements such as meadows or woodlands, stocking density and grazing management. The significant reduction of nutrients leaching can be achieved by optimized application of fertilizers. Water use efficiency is improved in computer-controlled drip-irrigation systems to a considerable extent. It is of great importance to support multifunctional agriculture and mixed farming, which can increase synergies among ecosystem services, provided by farmers.
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