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How Polish Students Develop Mandarin Pronunciation through Intensive Training

100%
Zajdler E., Chu M.-n.
Applied Linguistics Papers
|
2019
|
issue 26/2
103-115
EN
Many studies (McBride-Chang et al., 2008; Bialystok et al., 2005) have shown that the syllable is the basic unit when learning Chinese pronunciation. This study attempts to explore how adult native speakers of Polish (non-tonal language with the alphabet based on Latin script) develop Chinese tonal syllables through intensive training at the beginning level. Students from the Faculty of Philology participated in a four-stage phonetic teaching program and experiment. First, learners exercise excessive articulation of vowels, practicing how to carry the tone. Secondly, students try to assign the meaning to the joined segmental and supra-segmental phonetic units. Then, acquisition of Chinese morphemes/lexemes is supported with characters to differentiate homophones in the learning process. Finally, students are trained to decode the heard syllables in a sequence into meaningful phases and sentences. Next, the pronunciation experiment in two series provides an insight into the development of the Chinese syllable production.
2
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W sprawie durkheimowsko-saussurowskiego „faktu społecznego”. Dwa exempla z polskiej morfologii

86%
Bogusławski A.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2015
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issue Numer Specjalny
37-45
EN
The author presents an argument in favour of Durkheimian – Saussurian theory of „social fact” as applied to language. The argument consists in pointing out two examples of morphological facts of Polish that are not easily accessible to native speakers and have not been explicitly verbalized, but are nonetheless invariably and rigorously implemented by all of them in their linguistic practice. This shows that the regularities are superimposed on them in a strongly anti-individualistic way. The first fact can be illustrated with the sequence walka ze zorganizowaną przestępczością ‘struggle of its being followed by the adjacent segment beginning in z + V (rather than by a cluster of consonants beginning in a frontal fricative). Polish has created an analogon of the necessary separation of the prepositions z and w from their right-hand syllabic homophonic partner in the adjacent context. The nature of the analogon can be described in the following way: we have to do with strict functional proportional separability of the right-hand non-syllabic homophonic partner of the preposition, on the one hand, and the rest of the expression the partner belongs to. Here is an example of such a proportion: zorganizowany : organizowany :: zoperowany : operowany. The second fact can be illustrated with the present tense form dozbierywuje (vs. * dozbieruje) of the verb dozbierywać. This shape manifests a strict parallelism with regard to the imperfective forms in -liwać, -liwuje, vs. * -luje, cf. rozstrzelać – rozstrzeliwać – rozstrzeliwuje. Both main spirants, [l] and [r], go here hand in hand. However, there is an additional regularity in play. The point is that the shape -r-ywuje depends on the presence of the preceding sequence which contains a root vowel, cf. przeorać – przeorywać – przeorywuje (here, the vowel is [o]). If this condition is not met, the final -uje does not appear; instead, next to -r-yw- regular endings of the main conjugation of verbs in -ać are used; thus, we have -a in the 3rd person sg, -am in the 1st person sg, and so on, cf.: przegrać – przegrywać – przegrywa – przegrywam.
3

A typological shift in the phonological history of German from the perspective of licensing scales

72%
Fortuna M.
Beyond Philology: An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching
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2018
|
issue 15/1
9-29
EN
The paper argues that the typological shift of German from a syllable language to a word language (Szczepaniak 2007) can be accounted for through reference to a change at the level of the nuclei and their licensing abilities (Cyran 2003, 2010). Old High German used full nuclei in all positions of the word. In the late Old High German period, unstressed vowel reduction took place and entailed a domino effect of further changes. Reduced vowels were granted more licensing potential, and empty nuclei were strengthened too. This parametric shift is assumed to lie at the heart of the whole typological shift. There is no need to state that Old High German “profiled” the syllable, while Modern High German “profiles” the word, since most of the associated phenomena can be explained with more basic mechanisms.
PL
Celem artykułu jest dowiedzenie, że przemiana typologiczna w historii języka niemieckiego z języka sylabowego w język wyrazowy (Szczepaniak 2007) może zostać wyjaśniona za pomocą odniesienia do zmiany na poziomie ośrodków sylabicznych oraz ich zdolności do licencjonowania (Cyran 2003, 2010). Język starowysokoniemiecki używał pełnych ośrodków we wszystkich pozycjach wyrazu. W późniejszym okresie języka starowysokoniemieckiego na sile przybrały procesy redukcji samogłosek, które pociągnęły za sobą dalsze zmiany w systemie fonologicznym. Samogłoski zredukowane oraz ośrodki puste zwiększyły swoje możliwości licencjonujące. Ta zmiana parametryczna jest podstawą całej przesuwki typologicznej. Nie ma więc potrzeby zakładania, że język starowysokoniemiecki „profilował” sylabę, podczas gdy współczesny język niemiecki „profiluje” wyraz, ponieważ większość związanych z tą zmianą zjawisk da się wyjaśnić poprzez odniesienie do bardziej podstawowych mechanizmów.
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