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EN
This short essay is meant as an introduction into the still little known world of the Christians of Kerala by way of an ethnographic study with an inter­‑cultural dominant. It intends to illustrate an interesting case of a concept of hierarchic organization and coexistence of radically divergent religious communities sharing the space of the South­‑Western part of the Indian Subcontinent – the land that once witnessed the meeting of the early indigenous Christians with later missionary activities of European and American Churches following the centuries after Vasco da Gama’s landing by the Keralan city of Calicut.
PL
Celem niniejszej prezentacji jest wprowadzenie w świat chrześcijan Kerali za pomocą szkicu etnograficznego z akcentem interkulturowym ilustrującym interesujący przypadek konceptualizacji hierarchicznej organizacji społecznej oraz praktyki koegzystencji radykalnie odmiennych religijnie społeczności w południowo­‑zachodniej części Półwyspu Indyjskiego – arenie spotkania tradycji wczesnych gmin chrześcijańskich ze wzmożoną działalnością misyjną Kościołów europejskich, poczynając od czasów Vasco da Gamy.
PL
Cast system in India is a social structure that has been developing since the decline of Maurya empire in 3rd century BC. One of its inseparable consequences is the phenomenon of untouchability – social exclusion. Due to colonialism and the introduction of capitalism to India cast system lost its economical foundations which were guarantee of elementary respect between untouchables and higher castes. Those changes led to new forms of discrimination. Because of that independent India in the Constitution enacted in 1950 in art. 17 abolished untouchability and its practice in any form. The struggle of legal system with social exclusion embraced also penal regulations and reservations of places in the Parliament for the members of lower castes. After 65 years of affirmative action we can assess how effective that policy is and how it affected the whole society. Despite of the fact that the condition of untouchables among other castes is getting better nowadays, legal regulations should be criticized. It is not possible to eradicate the phenomenon of untouchability without eliminating cast system in total. The improvement of lower castes’ welfare is the result of the decomposition of cast system in Indian culture and not legal restrictions.
PL
Cast system in India is a social structure that has been developing since the decline of Maurya empire in 3rd century BC. One of its inseparable consequences is the phenomenon of untouchability – social exclusion. Due to colonialism and the introduction of capitalism to India cast system lost its economical foundations which were guarantee of elementary respect between untouchables and higher castes. Those changes led to new forms of discrimination. Because of that independent India in the Constitution enacted in 1950 in art. 17 abolished untouchability and its practice in any form. The struggle of legal system with social exclusion embraced also penal regulations and reservations of places in the Parliament for the members of lower castes. After 65 years of affirmative action we can assess how effective that policy is and how it affected the whole society. Despite of the fact that the condition of untouchables among other castes is getting better nowadays, legal regulations should be criticized. It is not possible to eradicate the phenomenon of untouchability without eliminating cast system in total. The improvement of lower castes’ welfare is the result of the decomposition of cast system in Indian culture and not legal restrictions.
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