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1

Трансформация механизмов управления в Польше после 1989 года

100%

Залесны Я.

Studia Politologiczne

|

2013

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issue 30

42-67

EN

In Poland, the process of departing from concentrated state power typical of the communist countries began in 1989. It was triggered by the Round Table agreement. Unexpectedly, the collapse of the communist authorities was hastened by the results of June elections to the Sejm and the Senate. They pointed out the scale of the nation’s disappointment in the communist rule, the effect of which was that in autumn of 1989 the government was formed for the first time in a few tens of years dominated by the political opposition. The process of political, economic and social changes got deeper, including the change of the political axiology of a communist state in December 1989 into the one adequate for a democratic state of law. Transformations in the political structures of citizens overlapped the transformations in the system of the state power. The opposition, originally united around the “Solidarity” trade union, split right after the breakthrough of 1989 into political parties typical of contemporary states, with the characteristic multitude of opposing views and ambitions, which blocked the possibility of working out a constitutional compromise by the main participants in political relations, with simultaneous existence of legal solutions that did not adjust the political reality. As a result of seeking a temporary modus vivendi, in 1992 the so-called Small Constitution was accepted. It was not until 1997 that a constitutional agreement was concluded in the Parliament, the effect of which was the passage of a new, now binding Constitution. The Constitution from 2 April 1997 provides for the mechanisms of government proper for a rationalized system of parliamentary-cabinet system, with a simultaneous emphasis on the special role of Prime Minister as the actual head of the government. As such, it works in the process of its application.

2

Transformations in the Mechanisms of Government

100%

Zaleśny J.

Studia Politologiczne

|

2014

|

vol. 31

38-63

EN

In Poland, the process of departing from concentrated state power typical of the communist countries began in 1989. It was triggered by the Round Table agreement. Unexpectedly, the collapse of the communist authorities was hastened by the results of June elections to the Sejm and the Senate. They pointed out the scale of the nation’s disappointment in the communist rule, the effect of which was that in autumn of 1989 the government that was formed, for the first time in a few decades of years was dominated by the political opposition. The process of political, economic and social changes got deeper, including the change of the political axiology of a communist state in December 1989 into the one adequate for a democratic state of law. Transformations in the political structures of citizens overlapped the transformations in the system of the state power. The opposition, originally united around the “Solidarity” trade union, split right after the breakthrough of 1989 into political parties typical of contemporary states, with the characteristic multitude of opposing views and ambitions, which blocked the possibility of working out a constitutional compromise by the main participants in political relations, with simultaneous existence of legal solutions that did not adjust the political reality. As a result of seeking a temporary modus vivendi, in 1992 the so-called Small Constitution was accepted. It was not until 1997 that a constitutional agreement was concluded in the Parliament, the effect of which was the passage of a new, now binding Constitution. The Constitution of 2 April 1997 provides for the mechanisms of government proper for a rationalized system of parliamentarycabinet system, with a simultaneous emphasis on the special role of Prime Minister as the actual head of the government. As such, it works in the process of its application.

3

Negocjacje koalicyjne w systemie westminsterskim – przypadek Nowej Zelandii

88%

Żukiewicz P.

Studia Politologiczne

|

2019

|

vol. 53

46-63

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze the process of a cabinet coalition formation in a double non-standard situation: a) in the Westminster-model state (New Zealand), in which until 1996 single-party cabinets dominated and coalition bargaining was arranged very rarely; b) in a context of negotiations conducted simultaneously by a pivotal party with a high potential for political blackmail towards two main potential coalition partners. The main research question is about similarities and differences between Westminster and classical processes of government coalition formation, during which the formateur negotiates with another party or parties the coalition agreement. The main research method used in the analysis is a case study. The article was extended to sketch the institutional context and some elements of historical analysis (in those points where the historical background had an impact on the analysed coalition).

4

ПОЛЬСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ПОСЛЕ ПЕРИОДА ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

51%

Суловски С., Залесны Я., i inni i. i.

Studia Politologiczne

|

2013

|

issue 30

1-230

RU

Переведенный том «Политических исследований» посвящен вопросам польской политики после периода трансформации. Мы не решаем сложного и все еще дискутируемого в тематической литературе вопроса, был ли процесс трансформации завершен во всех ее сферах, и можно ли однозначно говорить о политике после периода трансформации или же во многих плоскостях политических отношений имеем дело с неоднородной динамикой трансформационных процессов, и в результате – с неодинаковым уровнем изменений. Настоящий том является результатом продолжения исследований Институтом политических наук Варшавского университета по проблемам периода трансформации. Кроме публикаций, касающихся отдельных аспектов польской трансформации, в Институте были созданы труды, во многих аспектах рассматривающие направления и результаты политических изменений, имевших место в Польше после 1989 года. Особенно, необходимо упомянуть о четырех из них: «Poland: Government and Politics» (1997), «The Political System of Poland» (2007) и изданной в 2008 году работе под названием «Дилеммы польской трансформации», англоязычная версия которой звучит «Dilemma’s of Polish Transformation» (опубликована в 2010 году). Даже если предположить, что Польша 2013 года представляет собой государство, прошедшее трансформацию, остаются вопросы относительно качества и надежности проделанной работы. Тем не менее, сам процесс преобразования от политического режима реального социализма к либеральной демократии в современной ее версии следует признать завершенным. Трансформация государственного устройства Польши характеризовалась индивидуальной спецификой и динамикой развития, которая отличалась от динамики, зафиксированной в остальных посткоммунистических государствах. Эти проблемы были изложены в последней из упомянутых коллективных работ, на них ссылаются также исследования, предлагаемые Вам в данный момент. Переломным событием, подводящим итог происходящих преобразований государственного устройства, было принятие в 1997 году новой конституции. Это произошло позже, чем в большинстве государств региона, но в то же время, с учетом их опыта.

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Трансформация механизмов управления в Польше после 1989 года

Transformations in the Mechanisms of Government

Negocjacje koalicyjne w systemie westminsterskim – przypadek Nowej Zelandii

ПОЛЬСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ПОСЛЕ ПЕРИОДА ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ