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EN
The abyss is most often discussed from the point of view of the Scripture or human existential experience. The purpose of this article is to show the abyss in the icon where these two aspects are present. Applying reference and comparison methods, one can see the victory of Jesus Christ, which takes place in sheol over Satan and his rebellious angels. The victory accomplished on the cross by the Savior has its continuation here because in the icon it becomes the gate to heaven for the righteous dating back to Adam and Eve, the first parents of humankind. Rich symbolism of the icon Descend into the Abyss from various icon schools allows us to make a broad theological interpretation which becomes an inspiration for further research and the discovery of its message and symbolism, in the dogmatic, spiritual, liturgical, homiletic, artistic and psychological dimensions.
IT
Teologia del XX secolo ha sottolineato di nuovo la dipendenza reciproca tra la teologia e la spiritualità: la teologia deve interpretare la mistica e la mistica deve approfondire le riflessioni teologiche. Questa dipendenza si realizza chiaramente nelle opere di Hans Urs von Balthasar, uno dei teologi più significativi della teologia contemporanea. Ispirante e interessante è la somiglianza tra il suddetto teologo e la mistica polacca, Faustyna Kowalska. Nonostante, entrambi non hanno mai sentito uno dell’altro, si possono trovare le osservazioni simili e non ovvi in diverse descrizioni della realtà di Dio. L’articolo si limita alle questioni escatologiche.
EN
The twentieth century theology has underlined the interdependence of theology and spirituality: the role of theology is to interpret spirituality and spirituality is to give a new life to theology. We can observe this dependence clearly in Hans Urs von Balthasar’s works. He was one of the restorers of the contemporary theology. The similarities between the theologian from Switzerland and Polish mystic Faustyna Kowalska are inspiring and interesting. The two, who have never heard about each other, have similar points of view in some aspects of reflection about God. The purpose of this article is to show these similarities in the field of eschatology. It means, exactly, a new perception of the judgment, eternal happiness and punishment in purgatory and hell.
PL
Dwudziestowieczna teologia podkreśliła na nowo wzajemną zależność między teologią a duchowością: teologia ma interpretować mistykę, a mistyka pogłębiać teologię. Tę zależność widać dobrze u Hansa Ursa von Balthasara, jednego z odnowicieli teologii współczesnej. Inspirujące i interesujące jest podobieństwo w niektórych kwestiach między szwajcarskim teologiem i polską mistyczką, Faustyną Kowalską. Osoby, które nigdy nie słyszały o sobie, mają podobne (nieoczywiste) obserwacje na temat rzeczywistości Bożej. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą ukazania takich podobieństw w dziedzinie eschatologii. Chodzi o nowe postrzeganie sądu, szczęścia wiecznego oraz kar czyśćcowych i piekielnych.
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