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Jaka szkoła? Oświata i wychowanie dzieci i młodzieży żydowskiej w międzywojennej Polsce

100%
Zieliński K.
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
|
2019
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vol. 56
189-203
EN
Since Poland regained independence, the issue of educating children and youth was the subject of many discussions and disputes both in Jewish circles and between representatives of the Jewish ethnic minority and the Polish authorities. As a result, in the Second Polish Republic, apart from state schools attended by Jewish children and youth, there were several school systems, both secular and religious, whose creators tried to meet the expectations of the state and society. Apart from religious schools, Jews had a highly developed network of secular schools coordinated by particular political parties and were the only minority in Poland to organise equivalents of academic institutes. The non-religious academic schools and universities attracted Jewish youth, although in the second half of the 1930s, acquiring university education was more difficult for Jews than others. Albeit the 1932 education reform did not entail the liquidation of Jewish schools, it changed the conditions of their functioning.
2
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Szkoły żydowskie na Dolnym Śląsku w latach 1945–1950 – instytucje zajmujące się edukacją czy przygotowaniem młodych Żydów do emigracji?

100%
Techmańska B.
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
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2019
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vol. 56
121-139
EN
Jewish schools began to appear in postwar Poland as early as 1945. From the very beginning, the Jewish community disputed their design, character and funding. The conflicting views were held by the faction of the Polish Workers’ Party, later transformed into the Polish United Workers’ Party, in the Central Committee of Jews in Poland and the Zionists. At the root was the question of the future of Jews in Poland: whether they should stay or leave the country and fight for the creation of the Jewish state in Palestine or participate in it after Israel was founded in May 1948. The socialists from the Polish Workers’ Party opted for instructing children to stay in Poland. They wanted to establish secular schools with Jewish as a medium of instruction and raise young Jews to be citizens of socialist Poland while keeping certain Jewish traditions. The Zionists demanded the Hebrew language, the prehistory of the Jews, Palestinian studies and the Bible be taught in schools so that students would be prepared for living abroad. All institutions tried to educate the young generation. School curricula and the education system helped parents and students to choose the path for the future.
3
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Inne czy takie same? Indoktrynacja w szkołach dla mniejszości żydowskiej w okresie stalinizmu

100%
Techmańska B.
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
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2021
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vol. 58
173-188
EN
The article aims to outline the problem of communist indoctrination in schools for Jewish children and youth during the Stalinist period in Poland. The study focuses on the legal basis of education for national minorities, educational and upbringing goals and ideals as well as methods of implementing ideological assumptions resulting from systemic changes associated with the communist takeover of power in Poland. Moreover, forms of educational influence on children and adolescents as well as staffing issues are discussed. The study is based on archival materials obtained from the Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw (collections of the Ministry of Education and the Polish Workers’ Party), the State Archives in Legnica, the State Archives in Wrocław, the Archives of the Social and Cultural Association of Jews, the Archives of the Jewish Historical Institute and others.
4
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Sytuacja edukacyjna, społeczna i ekonomiczna Żydówek w powiecie wałeckim (Prusy Zachodnie) w okresie od XVIII do początków XX wieku

80%
Sienkiewicz Wilowska J. A.
Edukacja Międzykulturowa
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2022
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vol. 16
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issue 1
64-75
PL
W artykule analizuję funkcjonowanie kobiet w społecznościach żydowskich na terenie powiatu wałeckiego (Kreis Deutsch Krone), znajdującego się do końca 1945 roku w granicach Prus Zachodnich. Teren ten, położony początkowo między Prusami Zachodnimi a Pomorzem, a potem między kilkoma pruskimi prowincjami, szczególnie sprzyjał osadnictwu żydowskiemu. W efekcie na przykład w położonym w powiecie wałeckim Mirosławcu (Märkisch Friedland) na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku ludność żydowska stanowiła aż 55%. Dotychczas powstało niewiele publikacji dotyczących gmin żydowskich funkcjonujących na tych terenach. Tekst ma charakter historyczny, w jego opracowaniu korzystałam między innymi z materiałów archiwalnych, ówczesnej prasy żydowskiej, przywołuję także pruskie rozporządzenia prawne. W rezultacie przeanalizowałam sytuację ekonomiczną, prawną, ale w szczególności edukacyjną kobiet żydowskich mieszkających na tych terenach, uwzględniając dwa rodzaje czynników, które ją warunkowały – nakazy religijne, a z drugiej strony prawodawstwo pruskie. Omawiam także przemiany oraz ich przyczyny, którym podlegało funkcjonowanie kobiet w tych społecznościach w okresie od XVIII do początków XX wieku, a także stopniową asymilację ludności żydowskiej, postępującą aż do II wojny światowej, która położyła kres obecności Żydów na tych terenach.
EN
In this article, I analyze the functioning of women in Jewish communities in the Wałcz County (Kreis Deutsch Krone), which was part of West Prussia until the end of 1945. This area, located initially between West Prussia and Pomerania and later between several Prussian provinces, was particularly conducive to Jewish settlement. As a result, for example in Miroslawiec (Märkisch Friedland), located in the Wałcz district, at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the Jewish population constituted as much as 55%. So far, few publications have been written about the Jewish communities functioning in that area. The text is of a historical nature; in the course of its preparation, I have made use of archival materials, the Jewish press of the time, and I have also referred to Prussian legal regulations. As a result, I have analysed the economic, legal and, in particular, educational situation of Jewish women living in the area, taking into account two types of factors that conditioned it – religious orders and Prussian legislation. I also discuss the changes and their causes, to which the functioning of women in these communities was subjected in the period from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century, as well as the gradual assimilation of the Jewish population, progressing until World War II, which put an end to the presence of Jews in this area.
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