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SL
Prevajalec kot posredovalec med izvirnikom in prevodom je oseba, ki istočasno deluje med dvema jezikoma, dvema kulturami in dvojno literarno dediščino, ki sta doživeli različen razvoj. Prevajalsko delo je podobno delu komparatističnemu (primerjanje, analiza besedil, raziskovanje literarnih in kulturnih kontekstov, razlik in podobnosti), torej lahko trdimo, da je prevajalec „idealen — komparativist” oziroma „komparativist — praktik”, ki se mora med celotnim postopkom prevajanja soočati z jezikovno in kulturno različnostjo. Pri prevajanju iz izvirnega v drug in drugačen jezik se razkriva jezikovnen relativizem, ki ga včasih ni mogoče premostiti. Različna narava jezikov se lahko pojavlja ne samo na nivoju semantike oziroma v pragmatični (ustvarjalni) uporabi (tako im.„ususu”), temveč tudi na področju slovnice: v slovničnih oblikah, katere omogočajo ustvarjanje določene pesniške „vizijnosti” v enem jeziku, ki — zaradi drugačnega slovničnega sistema — ni prevedljiva v drugačen jezik (npr. v poljščini: orodnik — instrumental, ki nima potrebe po uporabi predloga (z /s) ali v slovenščini: izjemna in ni prevedljiva več v druge jezike, „intimna” kategorija dvojine). Razlike med raznimi načinami jezikovne konceptualizacije so opazljive samo preko primerjalne analize med izvirnikom in prevodom, kar — v praktičnem dejanju — dela prevajalec, na področju teorije pa prevajalski kritiki.
EN
The translator as a mediator between the original and the translation is a person who is simultaneously working between two languages, two cultures and two literary heritages, which have experienced different developments. The work of translation is similar to that of comparativism (comparing, text analysis, exploration of literary and cultural contexts, differences and similarities), so it is possible to say that the translator is an ideal comparatist, or a „comparatist — practitioner”, who must cope with the diversity of languages and cultures during the whole process of translation. Translation from the original to another language reveals relativism, which sometimes cannot be overcome. The different linguistic nature may appear not only at the level of semantics, or in the pragmatic conventions, but also in the field of grammar: for example, grammatical forms, which enable the creation of a certain poetic “visionism” in the original language, do not allow translation into another language, as the latter uses a different grammatical system. Thus, the Polish instrumentalis, which does not need to use the preposition s/z, is untranslatable into Slovenian and, considering the same principle, the Slovenian “intimate” category of the dual form is untranslatable into other languages. The differences between the various linguistic conceptualization are observable only through a comparative analysis between the original and the translation, which — in practical action — is done by the translator, and — in theory — by the translation critics.
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