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PL
W artykule omówiono istniejące modele kompetencji tłumaczeniowej istotne z punktu widzenia dydaktyki przekładu prawniczego. Kompetencja tłumaczeniowa postrzegana jest jako konstrukt teoretyczny obejmujący takie obszary jak wiedza, zdolności i umiejętności, które są niezbędne do wykonywania zadań tłumaczeniowych. W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowane zostaną najbardziej relewantne z perspektywy dydaktycznej – w ocenie autorki – podejścia do kompetencji tłumaczeniowej, które poprzedzają – w części drugiej artykułu – próbę włączenia i integracji wyników przedstawionych badań w obszarze kompetencji tłumaczeniowej oraz rozwiązań praktycznych w procesie dydaktycznym ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kompetencji tłumaczeniowej w tłumaczeniu tekstów prawniczych.
EN
The paper addresses the existing models of translation competence that are relevant for didactics of legal translation. Translation competence is generally perceived as a theoretical construct embracing such areas as knowledge, skills and aptitudes that are vital for the performance of translation tasks. The paper shall start from concise presentation of most didactically relevant – in the author’s view – approaches to translation competence. This shall be followed by attempts aimed at the incorporation and integration of findings of competence research presented as well as practical solutions into the teaching and learning process with a view to legal translation competence.
EN
The Eye-Tracking Experimental Linguistics Laboratory conducted a study on translation process of German administrative acts into Polish. The aim of the study was to identify eye movements and associated mental processes during the perception of parts of speech in the German administrative acts (source text) during the translation process. Research method: The study was carried on a group of 15 participants. Eye-tracking analisys was performed using SMI RED 500 eyetracker and utilized the method of dynamic areas of interest (Dynamic AOI). Dyamic AOI-based method allowed the participants to freely move the windows on the monitor, use a PDF document, a text editor and a web browser at the same time. Results: Fixation duration (Fd) and Fixation Count (Fc) counts were significantly higher during perception of target text (Polish) than source text (German). There were no significant differences in FD between parts of the speech in source text, unlike the target text there were multiple differences were observed. In both source and final text there were multiple differences in Fc between different parts of the speech. There were no significant differences between perception of nouns and non-nouns in either text.Conclusions: Fixation count and fixation duration seem to be related with different mental processes during translation. Therefore, measuring eye movement with those parameters might be useful in further studies on translation process. Fixation count was more useful in investigating of mental processes than fixation duration.
EN
According to the anthropocentric theory of human languages by F. Grucza and the human language linguistics by S. Grucza every understanding is the understanding of a particular person. Therefore while interpreting a legal text, translator should apprehend original text’s interpretation as the lawyer would. It means that in recreating the law texts, the translator should base his understanding on rules used by lawyers. Translational interpretation, in my understanding, includes as follows: rules of law interpretation (tailored especially for translators), text receiver and author of source and target texts, as well as the type of text and translational goal.
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