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This paper contains a study regarding the effectiveness of the system of value added tax (VAT), especially in terms of increasing scale of tax frauds. The main aim of this article is to present whether the polish VAT system is working properly. The conclusion were based on the analysis of economic data (including economic growth, unemployment, price index and consumption) tax budget revenues, tax gap and the results of tax audits. Conclusion is that the Polish VAT system is in crisis and requires corrective action. In the opinion of the author, in the current situation there is no reason to change the system of taxation of consumption. There are indicated examples of corrective actions, along with the attempt to be evaluated. Some of them have already been implemented (i.e. warning letter, the joint action of whole administration), part of it is still in the planning phase (i.e. changes to the reverse charge mechanism, the measurement of the tax gap) and the other are being author's proposal (i.e. the elimination of tax rates and the introduction of a single rate for all products).
EN
The main problem of tax law is the functioning of tax carousels. The creation of tax carousels is favored by the registration of entities on the premises of various KAS bodies, an insufficient number of checks on paper documents, and the lack of an automatic, IT-based method of receiving all accounting data by KAS bodies. In order to faster detect tax carousels, the following was introduced: a common database and the obligation to send JPK_VAT files. The article analyzes the above-mentioned improvements and formulates two theses: 1) the common database of taxpayers is not properly used, which results in the possibility of continued operation of tax carousels, 2) information provided by taxpayers in the form of JPK_VAT files does not include all data, including the „subject of sale”, which causes difficulties in finding links between entities creating a tax carousel or incorrect typing of its operation.
PL
Podstawowym problemem prawa podatkowego jest funkcjonowanie karuzel podatkowych. Temu procederowi sprzyja rejestracja podmiotów na obszarze właściwości różnych organów Krajowej Administracji Skarbowej (KAS), niewystarczająca liczba kontroli dokumentów papierowych, a także brak automatycznego, informatycznego sposobu otrzymywania przez organy KAS wszystkich danych księgowych. Celem szybszego wykrywania karuzel podatkowych wprowadzono wspólną bazę danych oraz obowiązek wysyłania JPK_VAT. W artykule przeanalizowano wymienione usprawnienia i postawiono dwie tezy: 1) wspólna baza danych o podatnikach nie jest prawidłowo wykorzystywana, co skutkuje możliwością dalszego funkcjonowania karuzel podatkowych; 2) informacje przekazywane przez podatników w formie JPK_VAT nie obejmują wszystkich danych, w tym o przedmiocie sprzedaży, co utrudnia znalezienie powiązań między podmiotami tworzącymi karuzelę podatkową lub prowadzi do niewłaściwego typowania jej funkcjonowania.
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