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EN
This article presents the outcomes of the research conducted among teachers which main aim was the answer to the question about using information-communication technologies in the teaching process. Pursuant to them, it was stated that the degree of the use of modern technologies in the field of widely known school education is not satisfactory. However, the majority of respondents notice the necessity of functioning schools in digital sphere. The methods of work demand constant adopting to the changing environment, utilizing available resources in a creative way. The ubiquity of information-communication technologies imposes their consideration on successive generations as well as paying attention to skilful usage of contents conveyed through the agency of it. An educationalist aware of his role, should discern both negative and positive aspects of introducing modern technologies in the educational process, remembering that their skilful usage may contribute to the optimization of the learning process.
EN
The paper analyzed the essence of monitoring learning achievement of students as educational technology; based on analysis selected and justified methodological conditions of implementation of monitoring learning achievement in process of professional training of future land surveyors
EN
A new method has been presented for testing the effectiveness of the teaching process based on a matrix questionnaire survey. This approach allows us to apply to the questionnaire data various quantitative and statistical methods such as: the classification and grouping of objects, factor analysis, as well as the game theory. This method of testing recognizes teaching as a continuous process, i.e. models it to the extent that it occurs in reality.
EN
Computerized adaptive testing is a form of computer-based test that adapts to the student's ability level. System successively selects questions for the purpose of maximizing the precision of the exam based on what is known about the examinee from previous questions in order to determine whether the answer given was not accidental. In turn, the task of knowledge structuralization is to organize the elements of the educational program to set up a hierarchical structure. This paper proposes a combination of two solutions - the concept of applying structuralization to students knowledge adaptive testing process. The knowledge structuralization in adapting testing process has a purpose of choosing the right proportions of questions from a set of controlled topics, so that each of them was well assessed and, at the same time, taking under consideration the computed level of student achievements. Such task is very difficult, even impossible to achieve with a small and a deficient tasks bank. Using well-defined relationship between the teaching program and question bank, capabilities of the automatic modification of test tasks easiness factor, and thus excluding from the bank questions which do not contribute anything to the process of assessment, and finally using the appropriate selection and configuration of testing algorithm, teacher can achieve very high possibility to create varied adaptive tests. Presented in this paper algorithms are constantly tested and developed by the author, but even now their usage in monitoring teaching process gives very reliable results, unattainable with classic computerized testing, becoming an alternative to time-consuming oral examination.
EN
The explicit/implicit distinction has been present in SLA theories and concepts for many years. A description of the relation between internal and external form of language representation is fundamental for the teaching process because it is the only way to answer the question what role grammar should play in second language acquisition and instruction. This paper presents the most important theories that refer to the explicit/implicit distinction; the author puts great emphasis on the concepts which offer new perspectives for second language teaching in so far as they suggest an interaction between these both forms of language representation.
PL
Przeciwstawienie eksplicytny/implicytny pojawia się od lat w teoriach i koncepcjach dotyczących przyswajania języka obcego. Określenie charakteru relacji między wewnętrzną a zewnętrzną formą reprezentacji języka jest z punktu widzenia dydaktyki kwestią fundamentalną, bo tylko to może umożliwić odpowiedź na pytanie, jaką rolę powinna odgrywać gramatyka w nauczaniu i uczeniu się języków obcych. Artykuł pokazuje ważniejsze teorie, w ramach których funkcjonowało przeciwstawienie eksplicytny/implicytny. Szczególną uwagę autorka zwraca na te koncepcje, które – sugerując interakcję między tymi obydwiema formami reprezentacji języka – otwierają w dydaktyce nowe perspektywy.
EN
The article on the basis of analysis of research and methodological literature and archival sources reveals approaches to practice of forming educational component of the labor training specialists in the 1970-s of the XX century in historical and pedagogical context at pedagogical colleges and pedagogical institutes in the limits of Soviet Ukraine. The attention was concentrated on the analysis of changes in the content of teaching process that was reflected first of all in teaching plans on training of teachers of specialty № 2120 “General technical disciplines and physics”. It was underlined that normative-legal field which permitted the process of training namely teachers of manual work as the main but not additional profile, was created only in 1970. This fact is confirmed by archival documents that contained teaching plans of the 70-s of the XX century, orders, instructions and proper decrees of Ministry of education, of higher education and secondary special education of the USSR on the questions of work of pedagogical higher educational establishments. Also there is given statistical facts on the question of guaranteeing by specialists of labor training schools of Ukrainian republic, school testified to their need in such specialists to the end of the 80-s of the XX century. That’s why State orientations in the researched period were to grow the rates of training of manual work teachers in the system of professional education of the pedagogical staff. The second priory of solution of the lack of labor training specialists was a way of coordination of efforts of State establishments in the channel of creation of proper demands concerning focusing on getting higher pedagogical staff. In particular in 1975 it was implemented attestation of pedagogical workers that served stimulus for perfection of professional level and getting by teachers higher education on instruction by correspondence at the departments of pedagogical institutes and special training at pedagogical colleges. It is determined that specificity of 70-s of the XX century was in the fact that step-by-step specialists of labor training were taught to work in the fields of technical, service and agricultural work at general technical, industrial and pedagogical faculties of the pedagogical institutes but not as it was in the 60-s of the XX century at natural historical faculties as additional second profile. Peculiarity of the second half of the XX century on manual work teachers’ training was in implementation in teaching plans of the pedagogical institutes of the special course on professional orientation in the context of training teachers to professional-orientational work with pupils.
EN
The article discusses and analyzes the conceptual apparatus, features and concepts of heuristic learning. The ways of implementing heuristic learning at biology lessons in specialized classes, the goals, the content, the methods, the forms, the tools and its educational possibilities are outlined. It is noted that the efficiency of heuristic learning depends on the integration of all components in the educational process and ensures the students’ specialized competence, the development of creative abilities, skills of productive activity and reflexive skills. The problem of formation of readiness of the senior pupils to the choice of profession is very important in modern conditions. The need for formation of professionally significant qualities of the students of specialized classes is caused by the rapid development of biological science, intellectualization of labor integration of Ukrainian education into the international educational space. The realization of the goals of biological science is possible through the use of heuristic learning, based on the main principle of heuristics – search, discovery, create a new one. Productivity of heuristic learning is provided by: the students’ motivation for productive activity; active involvement of the students in creative activity; the interrelatedness of the forms, methods, techniques, tools with the didactic principles of developmental education; use of heuristic methods, the system of heuristic tasks while studying biology; heuristic pedagogical support activity; systematic use of heuristic methods, techniques, forms that are organically combined with the traditional heuristic and mainstreaming situations. The didactic possibilities of heuristic learning are to improve the efficiency of study, the formation of the cognitive motives, the strong system of knowledge, the students’ specialized competence, the students’ creative activity in the study of biology, providing independent creative obtaining, transformation and use of knowledge, the development of creative thinking, skills of productive activities, reflective skills and creative abilities. The prospect of further studies is to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations of the heuristic teaching of biology in specialized classes.
EN
One of the key ideas of the language immersion methodology is to guarantee sustainable development for children from non-Estonian families in respect to their linguistic and social development. The most important conditions are creating flexible possibilities to participate in language immersion groups and classes and applying the language immersion methodology in everyday teaching process systematically. The present research seeks to highlight teachers' views on the sustainability of general competences of children who have completed the language immersion group in the kindergarten. The domain of general competences includes 32 sub-skills related to learning to learn and social skills, which were assessed by the teachers on a 5-point scale. For the sake of clear data analysis, the general competences have been divided into general competences fostering learning and learner-centred general competences. The present study showed that language immersion methodology favours applying child-centred pedagogy in the actual teaching process and supports the sustainability of children's linguistic and social development.
EN
Analizy koncentrują się na zastosowaniu i wdrożeniu canisterapii (kynoterapii) w procesie nauczania w szkole średniej. Głównym celem badań było porównanie wpływu edukacji uczniów z udziałem i bez udziału psów. Narzędziami badawczymi były ankiety i test oraz bezpośrednia obserwacja. Populacja badawcza obejmowała uczniów w wieku 12–13 lat. Porównywano efekt terapii między dwiema grupami uczniów: eksperymentalną objętą canisterapią (klasa A, 28 uczniów), kontrolną (klasa B, 27 uczniów), bez canisterapii. Badania przeprowadzono dwa razy w okresie od września 2015 roku do kwietnia 2016 roku. Ankiety wykazały, że sesje canisterapii pozytywnie wpłynęły na zapamiętywanie programu nauczania, a także były motywacją do nauki. Ponadto zauważalny był pozytywny wpływ canisterapii na mentalną stronę uczniów. Uczniowie byli bardziej aktywni i skoncentrowani na zadaniach dydaktycznych. Niektórzy uczniowie przezwyciężyli również wrodzony strach przed psami. Bezpośrednie obserwacje uczniów na zajęciach wykazały, że sesje z użyciem psów były ważne nie tylko dla całej grupy, ale także dla poszczególnych osób.
EN
This paper aims to describe the concept of fractal marketing as a set of typical, schematic and repetitive market activities taken by companies in the area of: pricing, promotion, product features and distribution. The knowledge has been recited like a mantra to college students over the recent years, regardless of the social, economic, political and economic changes taking place in the business environment. However, the new generation does not expect goods producers to run catchy commercials on TV or the radio, but to present reliable and trustworthy information about their products. Therefore, the new form of marketing was named post-marketing and it is proposed that it should be included in the curricula of business management departments as an obligatory subject. This article presents the possibilities of applying the consolidated theory for the purposes of developing ways of increasing the effectiveness of marketing activities, and the presented scope of research may be implemented in other areas where there is a need for unconventional ways of processing data coming from various fields in order to obtain information that will help managers to take the right decisions. Such knowledge may also contribute to increasing the attractiveness of studies in business management departments in various universities.
EN
Theater education is based on the rules developed through years of experience by prominent Polish actors and educators. Today’s theater school, by recruiting outstanding actors, influences the development of the personality of students. Teachers show formal changes that have occurred in practicing the profession of an actor, and are an inspiration to young people. The authors of the interview point to the role of knowledge and attitudes of teachers in the transfer of values to the students. This stable foundation can bring support to the young generation of arts school graduates both on stage and in life.
PL
Praca jest próbą przedstawienia alternatywnej metody w procesie nauczania wychowania fizycznego. Obecnie najistotniejszym problemem wychowania fizycznego jest jego mała atrakcyjność w stosunku do innych form aktywności dostępnych dla młodzieży, takich jak nowoczesne technologie. Podczas lekcji wychowania fizycznego uczniowie czują się znu­dzeni i rozczarowani. Istnieje potrzeba stworzenia przyjaznego i atrakcyjnego środowiska dla uczniów podczas każdej lekcji. Pomocna może być tu nielinearna pedagogika będąca holistycznym podłożem teoretycznym dla Teaching Games for Understanding, postrzegająca ucznia jako współtwórcę procesu nauczania. W artykule pokazano różnicę pomiędzy po­dejściem tradycyjnym a nielinearnym względem wymiaru technicznego, taktycznego oraz mentalnego. Ideą nielinearnej pedagogiki jest ukazanie różnych dróg dojścia do określonego celu oraz zwrócenie uwagi na brak idealnego wzorca ruchowego i wzorowego rozwiązania w sytuacjach boiskowych. Uczniowie rozwijani są poprzez modelowanie zmiennymi doty­czącymi uczestnika, środowiska oraz zadania, dzięki czemu nauczyciel ma możliwość dużej indywidualizacji procesu. Dzięki ukierunkowanemu odkrywaniu uczeń ma poczucie autonomii podczas zajęć. Nielinearna pedagogika może zwiększyć wkład wychowania fizycznego w rozwój jakości życia uczniów, wyposażając ich w umiejętności życiowe oraz zachęcając do aktywnego spędzania czasu wolnego.
EN
The paper is an attempt to present an alternative approach to teaching physical education. The main problem of current physical education is its low attractiveness as compared with other forms of activity available for youth, such as those offered by new technologies. During physical education classes, students feel bored and disappointed. There is a need to create a friendly, attractive environment for pupils during each class. The problem could be helped by nonlinear pedagogy, which is the holistic theoretical basis for Teaching Games for Understanding; it perceives a student as a co-creator of the learning process. The paper indicates the difference between the traditional and nonlinear approaches with respect to the technical, tactical, and mental dimensions. The idea of nonlinear pedagogy is to show that there is no one ideal pattern of movement or perfect solution in game situations. Stu­dents can develop through modelling with variables referring to the participant, environment, or task. Thus, the teacher can apply strongly individualized strategies. Owing to guided discovering, students can experience their autonomy in class. Nonlinear pedagogy can enhance the contribution of physical education to the development of students’ quality of life, equipping them with life skills and encouraging to active leisure.
PL
W artykule poruszono zagadnienia związane z procesem kształcenia w zakresie rysunku odręcznego na kierunku architektura wnętrz na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Śląskiej. Przedstawiono program kształcenia w przeciągu całego cyklu studiów. Zawarto refleksje dotyczące zarówno konieczności przygotowania studentów w tym zakresie, jak i przełożenia treści zapisanych w programie na warsztat zawodowy przyszłych architektów. Głównym celem pracy jest określenie, w jaki sposób proces nauczania rysunku odręcznego rozwija umiejętności plastyczne – narzędzie umożliwiające przedstawienie własnej koncepcji projektowej przyszłym inwestorom. W jego realizacji wykorzystano obserwację uczestniczącą, analizę prac studenckich, analizę prac realizacyjnych. Omówione badania doprowadziły do konkluzji o istnieniu konieczności zintensyfikowania zadań z rysunku architektonicznego.
XX
The paper deals with issues connected with the process of teaching in the field of hand­drawing at the Faculty of Architecture of the Silesian University of Technology in the field of Interior Architecture. It presents briefly the program of study throughout the whole cycle of studies. It includes reflections on both: the need to educate students in this field and the translation of the content of the curriculum into the professional workshop of future architects. The main objective is to determine how the hand­drawing teaching process develops visual arts as a tool for presenting own design concept to future investors. The implementation of the paper uses participant observation, analysis of students’ work, analysis of work execution. The research carried out leads to the conclusion about the need to intensify the tasks of regular architectural drawing.
14
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Proces kształcenia seniorów

61%
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vol. R. 2007
57-80
PL
Przedmiotem zainteresowania autorki jest proces kształcenia, w którym uczestniczą seniorzy. Autorka charakteryzuje poszczególne ogniwa tego procesu: stanowienie celów, dobór treści, metod, środków dydaktycznych i form kształcenia. W kształceniu seniorów proponuje realizację trzech celów globalnych: zrozumienie świata i umiejętność jego interpretacji, ukształtowanie postawy odpowiedzialności za siebie i swoją przyszłość, nauczenie seniorów rozwiązywania problemów życia codziennego. Wskazuje na potrzebę uwzględnienia w procesie kształcenia możliwości seniorów wynikających z funkcjonowania procesów poznawczych, inteligencji, stosowanych strategii kodowania informacji. W doborze metod zwraca uwagę na ograniczenia związane z faktem pogarszania się wzroku i słuchu. Postuluje szersze wykorzystanie indywidualnych form pracy. Podkreśla konieczność stosowania środków dydaktycznych adekwatnych do możliwości percepcyjnych seniorów oraz wyznaczenie dłuższych przedziałów czasowych na realizację poszczególnych ogniw procesu kształcenia. Rozważa problem wzmacniania efektów kształcenia seniorów przez pozytywne ocenianie, poprawianie funkcjonowania procesów poznawczych oraz wykorzystanie w pełni potencjału intelektualnego seniorów. Rozważania dotyczące planowania i realizacji procesu kształcenia seniorów autorka podsumowuje proponując nowe zasady dydaktyczne, dotyczące kształcenia seniorów: zasadę przestrzegania wysokiej jakości edukacji, zasadę częstego odwoływania się do doświadczeń życiowych seniorów, zasadę temporalności, zasadę pozytywnego oceniania efektów kształcenia oraz zasadę uwzględniania kondycji fizycznej i stanu zdrowia seniorów.
EN
The author is interested in the learning process with senior participation. She characterizes the particular elements of this process: setting goals, choice of content, methods, teaching aids and forms. She proposes three global goals in the teaching of seniors: understanding and interpreting the world, forming an approach consisting of responsibility for oneself and one's future and teaching seniors to solve everyday problems. She points to the necessity of taking into account senior's capabilities resulting from the functioning of cognitive processes, intelligence and information coding strategies used. She indicates limitations in methods stemming from the deterioration of vision and hearing. She also postulates a wider use of individual work. The author underlines the necessity of using didactic methods adequate for seniors' perception and setting longer time intervals for particular elements of teaching. These considerations pertaining to the planning and realization of the teaching process of seniors are summarized by the author in her new didactic rules for teaching seniors: the rule of high quality education, the rule of frequently using life experiences of seniors, the rule of temporality, the rule of the positive assessment of teaching effects and the rule of taking the seniors' health and physical condition into account.
PL
W artykule omówiono nowe trendy pojawiające się w edukacji szkolnej, które zostały zidentyfikowane w raporcie The NMC Horizon Report: 2014 K-12 Edition, opracowanym przez „New Media Consortium (NMC)” i „Consortium for School Networking (CoSN)”. Opisane trendy, zdaniem autorów raportu – badaczy reprezentujących 18 krajów leżących w różnych częściach świata – mogą dokonać znaczących przeobrażeń w podejściu do procesu nauczania i uczenia się w perspektywie najbliższych kilku lat nawet w skali globalnej. Źródłem tych przemian stają się współczesne technologie cyfrowe. Technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne coraz silniej wkraczają we wszystkie sfery naszego życia. Wśród tych obszarów zmian znajduje się również edukacja, która w coraz większym stopniu adaptuje na swoje potrzeby ogólnodostępne narzędzia i media cyfrowe. Do szkół trafiają uczniowie dorastający już w „ucyfrowionym” świecie, w którym przestrzeń wirtualna obok fizycznej odgrywa znaczącą rolę w procesie komunikacji międzyludzkiej, a zasoby internetowe stają się podstawowym miejscem poszukiwania informacji. Uczniowie przynoszą ze sobą nowe nawyki związane z pozyskiwaniem, gromadzeniem i prezentowaniem informacji. Nowoczesna szkoła musi zatem sprostać ich oczekiwaniom i dostosować swoje metody, formy i środki kształcenia do zmieniających się potrzeb społecznych i ekonomicznych. Powinna poszukiwać nowych rozwiązań w zakresie organizacji systemu kształcenia oraz dróg prowadzących do wzrostu efektywności i indywidualizacji procesu edukacji
EN
The paper discusses the new trends emerging in school education that were identified in The NMC Horizon Report: 2014 K-12 Edition, prepared by the New Media Consortium (NMC) and the Consortium for School Networking (CoSN). Described trends, according to the report’s authors, representing 18 countries located in different parts of the world, can make significant transformation in the approach to teaching and learning process in the next few years, even on a global scale. The source of these changes are modern digital technologies. Information and communication technologies enter into all spheres of our lives. Among these areas there are also changes in education, which increasingly adapts virtual tools and digital media. Schools get students growing up in the digital world, in which the virtual space plays the similar role in interpersonal communication as the physical space. Internet resources are the primary place to look for information. These students bring with them new habits associated with the acquisition, gathering and presenting information. Therefore modern school must meet their expectations and adapt its methods, forms and means of education to the changing social and economic needs. It should seek new solutions in the organization of the education system and the ways leading to increased efficiency and individualization of educational process.
EN
The article explores scientific principles, the principles of historicism, ethnic, unity of form and content, systematic and balanced development, the role of teachers, accessibility, clarity, strength and effectiveness of the studying results. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to define the specifics of teaching literature in Kazakh schools, enhance reading culture (of students first of all, it is related to the selection of material and ethnical diversity of students in Kazakh schools) and evaluate the ways of literary works analysis at school: reading and analysis, reader’s perception and ways of determining it, “following-the-author” analysis; to study the system of literary images, problem analysis as a way of survey at school. Methods: During the study of this article the research method was used as the most efficient. The article also emphasizes the special significance of accounting the knowledge and skills. In this article we consider the attitude to literature as a kind of illustration, a particular way of understanding reality. Results: The ultimate goal of educational activity is formation of the student as subject, who have reached the level of development to carry out educational activities by itself; plan and adjust their actions to correlate the result with the intended purpose.
EN
Security of a society is related to the level of its health which largely depends on the level of professional education of medical staff whose task is to help a person in life-threatening situations. Life-threatening situations include among others acute cardiac failure or renal failure. One of the methods to improve health condition of patients with these medical problems is intravenous treatment with dopamine administered by an infusion pump. Medical staff is responsible for proper programming of a pump so that it gives a patient the appropriate dose. Introduction of modern technology to training programme can facilitate the process of learning how to programme an automatic infusion pump. The article describes an example of a simple computer programme created on the basis of free software which is GeoGebra and shared as HTML pages. The prepared learning resource does not require from its receivers any programming skills or special software.
EN
The pressure of war, living abroad in the face of a military conflict, has been a challenge for education throughout the ages. The aim of this article is to show the contemporary challenges of Polish education, which welcomes and supports Ukrainian students. In addition, the paper is comparative in nature, drawing on the Hungarian-Romanian experience of tutor, writer, and glottodidactician Kazimiera Ilłakowiczówna’s life in emigration. What were, and what are, the teaching methods and problems faced by the multicultural, multinational society of Central Europe? The work aims to show a mosaic of examples from the life of a Polish school, from teaching methodology and didactics. It is supposed to make us aware of the problems faced by contemporary education, which are echoed from the past of the Polish community during the Second World War in the 20th century.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę kluczowych aspektów dotyczących kompetencji nauczycieli wraz z teoretyczną specyfikacją istoty tych kompetencji oraz rozszerzenia wymagań dotyczących zawodu nauczyciela. Nauczyciel jest uważany za eksperta w zakresie instruowania i procesu kształ-cenia zgodnie z ustawą nr 138/2019 Rady Narodowej Słowacji o kadrze nauczycielskiej i profesjo-nalnym personelu w środowisku nakierowanym na tworzenie optymalnego klimatu szkolnego.
EN
The paper deals with the main aspects of teacher competencies with theoretical specification of the essence of competencies and extension of the requirements for the teaching profession. The teacher is considered an expert on instructional and teaching processes under the conditions of Act No. 138/2019 Coll. on teaching staff and professional personnel in the environment aimed at creat-ing an optimal school climate.
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