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PL
Artykuł dotyczy związku pomiędzy uwodzeniem a grą. Oba mechanizmy mają wiele wspólnego, ponieważ opierają się na podobnej strategii, formie i treści. Uwodzenie jest tu interpretowane (na podstawie teorii Jeana Baudrillarda) jako siła odpychania i przyciągania, która wykracza nie tylko poza seksualność, lecz także poza rzeczywistość. Uwodzenie jest kontinuum gry, w której wcześniejszy ruch determinuje następne, a pokusa wzmaga żądanie gracza.
EN
The article deals with the relationship between seduction and play. Both mechanisms have much in common, because they are based on a similar strategy, form, and content. Seduction in this article is interpreted (based on theory of J. Baudrillard) as the force of repulsion and attraction that goes not only beyond sexuality, but also outside of reality. Seduction is a continuum of game where the earlier motion determines the next, and the temptation determines the player’s request.
PL
Feigned madness is a motif that – with varying frequency – returns in literary texts. It is usually a carrier of important metaphors, such as: search for truth, escape from reality or conscious rejection of routine. Moreover, it seems to have an exceptional interpretative potential in dramas as it also symbolises a performative treatment of existence and an awareness of fiction which directs the poetics of the drama towards the meta-theatre. The author of this article considers these issues in relation to the titular characters of two dramatic masterpieces of world literature: Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Henry IV by Luigi Pirandello. Both characters, for various reasons, decide to hide their true psychological condition under the image of a madman, which, interestingly, confirms their sophistication and intellect. Putting on the mask of a madman guarantees the privilege of unpunished violation of conventions and established orders, hated by individuals such as Hamlet or Henry IV. This rebellion and emancipation lead to the final defeat of these characters, who, however, dominate over the others, since, unlike other actors who dispassionately play roles that have been imposed to them, they choose their roles, and – most importantly – they are aware that they are playing.
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Telewizyjne gry z Pirandellem

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PL
Televisions Play with Pirandello Abstract In the beginning of 1960s, the Polish press witnessed a discussion on Pirandello’s rightfor innovation, which was started by Zygmunt Greń who harshly attacked the writer for„pseudointellectualism” and using the metaphor of a mask as an empty stage effect. At thesame time, however, in Polish theatres, the author witnessed great prosperity. This includedalso Teatr Telewizji (Television Theatre) which in the course of 30 years showed his mostimportant plays, i.e.: Six Characters in Search of an Author, Henry IV, Right You Are (If You Think So), and comedies The Man, the Beast and the Virtue, Cecè, Il berretto a sonagli, The Manwith the Flower In His Mouth, and Tutto per bene.When analyzing two of them – Right You Are (If You Think So) from 1967 directed by IreneuszKanicki and Henry IV directed by Maciej Prus and shown as late as 1989 – it should be notedthat in both plays political undertones could be noticed. A characteristic interpretativefeature of adaptations of Pirandello in Polish theatres was the manifestation of the “role”his characters are doomed for, which happens at the price of their internal truth. Society,often using the institutions of power, tries to trespass the intimate space in order to conformit to predictable stereotypes uncovered by – real or pretend – “madness” of Pirandello’scharacters. Both Right You Are (If You Think So) and Henry IV gave us two different faces ofresistance of an individual in the context of pressure of collectivity, regardless of whether it isgoverned by institutions or stereotypes of worldview.Even though in the contemporary (almost non-existent) Teatr Telewizji it is difficult toimagine new adaptations of the author’s plays, in spite of gloomy prognosis of criticism, Polishtheatres are still interested in the author. Six Characters in Search of an Author treating abouta destruction of subjective structure and attempts of rebuilding it is especially constantlypresent in theatre programme. The play was even used in an experiment with theatre therapyin Lublin – a disabled group prepared the production.Therefore, maybe the Italian Nobelist still has a lot to offer to contemporary theatre? Keywords: innovation, myth, reception, truth, illusion, mask, theatricality, collectivity,stereotype, power, madness
EN
Attempting a scrutiny of Flannery O’Connor’s short story entitled “A Late Encounter with the Enemy,” the reader is by no means left in a quandary as to the experience of death, pain, and suffering percolating through the very foundations of southern culture since antebellum times. Also, the phenomenon in question appears to be deeply embedded in the aesthetics of historical baroque, which allows one to notice a striking resemblance between the nature of southern experience of the 1950’s and the essence of baroque sensibility. Such an observation assumes extraordinary importance if considered in the context of modern theatricality. Grounded upon a comparison between the seventeenth-century France of Louis XIV and the contemporary South of O’Connor’s protagonist, George Poker Sash, the article explores the transplantation of a multitude of cultural traits characterizing the baroque onto the realm of modern experience(impelled to confront southern history by the author) through the prism of such notions as the play of appearances, miseen abime, and the spaces of theatricality. These concepts, predominantly associated with the theater, are delineated in the course of William Egginton’s How the World Became a Stage: Presence, Theatricality, and the Question of Modernity and The Theater of Truth: Ideology of Neo-Baroque Aesthetics, which two works comprise the theoretical background of the discussion concerning the relationship between the contemporary South and its historical experience. The argument is supported by Guy Debord’s conceptualization of the spectacle adumbrated in The Society of the Spectacle, which presents the culture of the commodity as endowed with theatrical attributes. Bearing in mind that fact that, as Christine Buci-Glucksmann argues in her Baroque Reason, the representation of a historical subject in necessarily connected with theatricality, O’Connor reader is enabled, with the assistance of the works mentioned above, to locate the tragedy ensconced in the core of southern culture enveloped in an intricately woven web of modern appearances.
PL
Próbując przeprowadzić analizę opowiadania Flannery O’Connor pt. “A Late Encounter with the Enemy”, czytelnik nie podaje w wątpliwość doświadczenia śmierci, bólu i cierpienia, które to aspekty przesiąkają przez fundamenty kultury amerykańskiego Południa jeszcze od czasów poprzedzających Wojnę Secesyjną. Zjawisko, o którym mowa, wydaje się głęboko zakorzenione w estetyce baroku, co pozwala na dostrzeżenie uderzającego podobieństwa między kulturą Południa amerykańskiego kontynentu z lat 50. XX wieku i esencją barokowej wrażliwości. Powyższa obserwacja nabiera szczególnego znaczenia, jeśli rozważyć ją w kontekście współczesnej teatralności. Oparty na porównaniu między XVII-wieczną Francją Ludwika XIV oraz współczesnym Południem, artykuł bada przeszczepienie szerokiego wachlarza cech charakteryzujących barok na grunt współczesnego doświadczenia kulturowego (ukierunkowanego na konfrontację historii Południa przez autora) przez pryzmat takich pojęć, jak: gra pozorów, mise en abime oraz przestrzenie teatralności. Te pojęcia, w głównej mierze kojarzone z teatrem, są nakreślone w publikacji Williama Eggintona How the World Became a Stage: Presence, Theatricality, and the Question of Modernity oraz The Theater of Truth: Ideology of Neo-Baroque Aesthetics, które stanowią teoretyczne tło dyskusji dotyczącej związku między współczesnym Południem i jego doświadczeniem historycznym. Argumentacja wsparta jest konceptualizacją zjawiska spektaklu zaprezentowaną w książce Guya Deborde’a The Society of the Spectacle, która przedstawia kulturę wymiany towarowej jako zjawisko obdarzone cechami teatralnymi. Mając na uwadze fakt, że – jak twierdzi Christine Buci-Glucksmann w Baroque Reason – reprezentacja podmiotu historycznego jest koniecznie związana z teatralnością, czytelnik, za pomocą dzieł wyszczególnionych powyżej, ma możliwość umiejscowienia tragedii usytuowanej w jądrze południowego doświadczenia spowitego zawikłaną siecią pozorów kultury nowoczesnej.
EN
The introductory text discusses the contents of the yearbook and points to the directions of analysis and interpretation undertaken in the sketches and studies contained therein. The articles combine meanings of great imaginational metaphors of THEATRE and COSMOS as certain universes. Developing the idea of Hans Blumenberg, one can say that the realism of metaphors (including theatrical and cosmological studies) is the realism of rhetoricality – times, artistic trends, creators. (Re)definitions of the terms: rhetoric, rhetoricality – constitute the second thematic circle touched upon in texts, alongside categories such as performativity or transmediality. These phenomena do not function outside the genres of literary, scientific and para-scientific statements, therefore the third area of investigation in the articles concerns genological reflection (especially in relation to: academic mystery novel, theater novel, lyric cycle, anthology, “private” genology of Stanisław Barańczak).
PL
Tekst wstępny omawia zawartość rocznika oraz wskazuje na podjęte, w szkicach i studiach w nim zawartych, kierunki analiz i interpretacji. W artykułach konweniują sensy wielkich metafor wyobrażeniowych TEATRU i KOSMOSU jako pewnych uniwersów. Rozwijając myśl Hansa Blumenberga można powiedzieć, że realizmem metafor (w tym metaforyki teatrologicznej i kosmologicznej) jest realizm retoryczności – czasów, nurtów artystycznych, twórców. (Re)definicje pojęć: retoryka, retoryczność – stanowią drugi krąg tematyczny poruszany w tekstach, obok takich kategorii jak performatywność czy transmedialność. Zjawiska te nie funkcjonują poza gatunkami wypowiedzi literackiej, naukowej i paranaukowej, dlatego trzeci krąg rozważań w artykułach dotyczy refleksji genologicznej (szczególnie w odniesieniu do: akademickiej powieści kryminalnej, powieści teatralnej, cyklu lirycznego, antologii, „prywatnej” genologii Stanisława Barańczaka).
PL
Artykuł porusza temat procesu kolonizacji i chrystianizacji, prowadzonej przez europejskich misjonarzy od czasu tzw. „wielkich odkryć geograficznych”. Celem nie jest jednak opisanie historii kolonizacji, lecz spojrzenie na dzisiejsze oblicze artystyczno-sakralnych działań, obecnych w postkolonialnym świecie. Opisane zostały przykłady współczesnych widowisk i performansów sakralnych w Iztapalapie (Meksyk), na Filipinach (prowincje: Aklan, Pampanga, Rizal) oraz jawajski teatr cieni wayang wahyu. Ich charakter należy odczytywać jako hybrydyczny, a zatem taki, który nigdy nie powstałby bez prekolonialnych korzeni, kolonizacyjno-chrystianizacyjnej działalności misjonarzy oraz postkolonialnego Nowego Porządku.
EN
The article discusses the issue of colonization and Christianization processes conducted by European missionaries from the time of so-called “Age of Discovery”. However, the aim of the article is not creating a description of colonization history, but taking a look at today’s vision of artistic and religious activities present in postcolonial world. In the article there were described examples of religious shows and performances in Iztapalapa (Mexico) and Philippines (provinces: Aklan, Pampanga, Rizal) as well as Java shadow play called wayang wahyu. Character of these forms of art should be defined as hybrid – they would not exist without pre-colonial origins, colonization- and Christianization-related activities of missionaries and postcolonial New World Order.
Świat i Słowo
|
2020
|
vol. 35
|
issue 2
195-212
EN
Feigned madness is a motif that – with varying frequency – returns in literary texts. It is usually a carrier of important metaphors, such as: search for truth, escape from reality or conscious rejection of routine. Moreover, it seems to have an exceptional interpretative potential in dramas as it also symbolises a performative treatment of existence and an awareness of fiction which directs the poetics of the drama towards the meta-theatre. The author of this article considers these issues in relation to the titular characters of two dramatic masterpieces of world literature: Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Henry IV by Luigi Pirandello. Both characters, for various reasons, decide to hide their true psychological condition under the image of a madman, which, interestingly, confirms their sophistication and intellect. Putting on the mask of a madman guarantees the privilege of unpunished violation of conventions and established orders, hated by individuals such as Hamlet or Henry IV. This rebellion and emancipation lead to the final defeat of these characters, who, however, dominate over the others, since, unlike other actors who dispassionately play roles that have been imposed on them, they choose their roles, and – most importantly – they are aware that they are playing.
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