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" Nyní jsem hvězdným poslem já" : reakce římských jezuitů na Galileovy nebeské objevy

100%
Ledvoňová M.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
|
2016
|
vol. 38
|
issue 4
389-404
EN
The publication of Galileo’s Starry Messenger provoked an immediate reaction of many European scholars, with one important exception: the Jesuit mathematicians of Collegio Romano under the tutelage of recognized mathematician Christoph Clavius. The aim of this paper is to explore the possible reasons behind the belated reaction of the Roman Jesuits who commented on the celestial discoveries more than a year after the publication of Galileo’s book. There is some evidence to suggest that while the Roman mathematician tended to recognize the novelties revealed by the telescope, an instrument that still had to prove its trustworthiness, they were fettered by the strict rules that were designed to maintain unity in the Jesuit order.
CS
Vydání Galileova Hvězdného posla vyvolalo okamžitou reakci mnoha evropských učenců, s jednou důležitou výjimkou, kterou tvořili jezuitští matematici Římské koleje pod vedením uznávaného matematika Christophora Clavia. Cílem článku je prozkoumat možné důvody opožděné reakce římských jezuitů, kteří se k nebeským objevům vyjádřili více než rok po  vydání Galileovy knihy. Existují důkazy nasvědčující tomu, že i když byli římští matematici nakloněni uznání novinek odhalených teleskopem, nástrojem, který ještě musel dokázat svou důvěryhodnost, byli omezeni přísnými pravidly, která měla za  úkol udržet jednotu jezuitského řádu.
2

Sposoby widzenia. Optyka w służbie oświeceniowego racjonalisty

57%
Kowalewska D.
Napis. Pismo poświęcone literaturze okolicznościowej i użytkowej
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2014
|
issue 20
29-40
EN
“Seeing is to some extent an art to be learned” (William Herschel). Thanks to the new optical tools human perceptual capabilities greatly increased. Cognitive standards have also changed. “The magical glasses” began to modify the image of reality, so the science could deal with objects that had never seen before. The use of a telescope to study celestial bodies caused that universe gained an extra dimension that had to be tamed and explained. My text refers to the impact that the development of optics has on perception of the world in the Age of Lights. I try to show when and how optical devices, assisting the reason in explaining and rationalizing supernatural phenomena, allowed people in the Enlightenment – in literal and figurative sense – to see through, eventually becoming an attribute of the rationalist from this period. The analysis is focused on selected literary and “utility” texts (Jan Bohomolec ’s "Diabeł w swojej postaci"), in which popular instruments (the microscope) and optical phenomena (such as an optical illusion) in the eighteenth century appear.
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