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Tematyka społeczna w pismach św. Ambrożego z Mediolanu

100%

Kasprzak D.

Vox Patrum

2012

vol. 57

277-296

Numerous remarks which refer to the Christian social life in the writings of St Ambrose (339-397) offer us a relatively homogeneous picture of his pastoral opinions on marriage and family, work, property and virtues as considered in the theological context. God is the single aim of every man’s activity in the social activities. A systematic theological analysis led St. Ambrose to the conclusion that: 1) Marriage can have either a positive or negative sense and 2) that the male component in marriage is dominant over the female. He argued that the full liberation of both sexes would come only in Eternal Life. The emancipation of women is possible in this world through the Christian religion, through the role of a wife, mother or the consecrated virginity. Labor is inseparately related to human nature from its creation and before original sin. After original sin, human labor changed in the punishment for sin (pain and hardship) however in the same time became the means of salvation, and the redemption of sins. It is also necessary to sustain living and gives a chance to achieve moral virtues. Work and mutual assistance were made by the Bishop of Milan a model work in the society. St Ambrose accepted both private possession rights and a community property of goods. The earthly goods should be used always with the religious perspective of the sole destiny – God. The main Aim-God, a temporary possession of goods (worldliness) and the purpose of the Main Owner- the good of every man (justice, fraternity, solidarity, mutual love) are the limits of a possession rights. The Bishop of Milan also introduced to the Christian moral theology the system of evaluation of the human deeds based on the Stoic categories of virtues and vices. St. Ambrose combined this system with the allegoric conception of the Four Rivers of the Philo of Alexandria and St. Paul’s moral theology. A Christian should be guided by the virtues of humbleness and fear of God. They will lead him to the wisdom and divine blessing, subsequently to the real knowledge of God. In this world the Christians should respect the sense of responsibility, the virtue of silence, freedom, cardinal virtues, honesty, charity and usefulness of his work. In the social life Christians are obliged to denounce the vices of egoism and arrogance, usury, greediness, vice behavior or giving unwise promises. The social problems were always subordinated to the theological purposes in the writings of St. Ambrose. The Christian are always obliged to be guided by Gods Commandments. St. Ambrose did not manage to work out a code of Christian moral behavior in a society, however he discussed many different problems, which were used by others (cf. St. Thomas of Aquino) to construct such a code. A synthesis of the Stoic philosophy, the philosophy of Philo Judaeus and St. Paul’s moral theology can be legitimately regarded as his valuable contribution to the studies of ethics.

Cучасная беларуская драматургія ў Польшчы: пераклады і даследаванні

38%

Kowalow S.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

2016

vol. 64

issue 7: Słowianoznawstwo

179-200

Artykuł podejmuje analizę procesu przekładu literackiego i badań naukowych poświęconych współczesnemu dramatowi białoruskiemu w Polsce. Autor artykułu dostrzega wzmożone zainteresowanie polskich badaczy i tłumaczy sztukami współczesnych dramatopisarzy białoruskich. Jest to związane z sukcesami białoruskiej dramaturgii za granicą oraz z rozwojem slawistyki w Polsce, pojawieniem się nowej generacji badaczy i tłumaczy. Polscy badacze zauważają, że w wyniku procesu rusyfikacji na Białorusi większość młodych autorów pisze w języku rosyjskim, natomiast do ojczystego języka zwracają się przedstawiciele średniego i starszego pokolenia. Większość polskich tłumaczy i badaczy (Andriej Moskwin, Agnieszka Lubomira Piotrowska, Karolina Niewiadomska, Jakub Adamowicz i in.) koncentruje swoją uwagę właśnie na rosyjskojęzycznej dramaturgii Białorusi, ale dzięki staraniom Beaty Siwek, Małgorzaty Buchalik, Agnieszki Goral polski odbiorca ma możliwość zaznajomienia się także z twórczością autorów białoruskojęzycznych.

В статье анализируется процесс художественного перевода и научного изучения современной белорусской драматургии в Польше. Автор статьи отмечает возросший интерес польских исследователей и переводчиков к пьесам современных белорусских драматургов. Связано это с успехами белорусской драматургии за рубежом и с развитием славистики в Польше, появлением новой генераци исследователей и переводчиков. Польские исследователи отмечают, что в результате процессов русификаци в Беларуси большинство молодых авторов пишет на русском языке, а на родном языке пишут представители среднего и старшего поколения. Большинство польских переводчиков и исследователей (Андрей Москвин, Агнешка-Любомира Петровская, Каролина Невядомская, Якуб Адамович и др.) обращают свое внимание именно на рускоязычную драматургию Беларуси, но благодаря усилиям Беаты Сивек, Малгожаты Бухалик, Агнешки Гораль польский читатель имеет возможность познакомиться и с творчеством белорусскоязычных авторов.

The article analyzes the process of literary translation and the scientific study of Modern Belarusian playwriting in Poland of nowadays. The author notes the growing interest of Polish researchers and translators to the modern plays of the Belarusian writers. This fact is due to the success of Belarusian Drama Art abroad as well as with the development of Slavic studies in Poland, the advent of a new generation of researchers and translators. Polish researchers have noted that as a result of the Russification process in Belarus, the majority of young authors writes in Russian, however middle and older generations of the play writers prefer to use their native language. Most Polish translators and researchers (Andrei Moskvin, Agnieszka-Lubomira Petrovskaya, Carolina Niewiadomska et al.) are concentrated on Russian language drama in Belarus, but thanks to the efforts of Beata Siwek, Malgorzata Buhalik, Agnieszka Goral Polish readers have the opportunity to get acquainted with the works of Belarusian authors.

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Tematyka społeczna w pismach św. Ambrożego z Mediolanu

Cучасная беларуская драматургія ў Польшчы: пераклады і даследаванні