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The Principle of Non-refoulment within the Deportation Procedure, Admission to the Country, Right to Life and the Freedom of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment According to the Turkish Legislation on Temporary Protection Regime

100%
Kuruçaylıoğlu J.
Studia Administracyjne
|
2021
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vol. 14
|
issue 2
31-44
EN
This article elaborates on the non-refoulement principle regarding deportation procedure, security, and entry to the country (Turkey) under the 2014 Temporary Protection Regulation, and the 2013 Law on Foreigners and International Protection. According to the document presented by the United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner “(…) the principle of non-refoulement guarantees that no one should be returned to a country where they would face torture, cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment and other irreparable harm. This principle applies to all migrants at all times, irrespective of migration status”.1 The rights of refugees and asylum seekers in mass influx situations are recognized by UNHCR Executive Committee resolutions and general international law.2 Thus, it is necessary to analyze the non-refoulement rule as inseparable part of globally accepted principles: the right to life and the freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The article describes the development and violations of the said rule, focusing on the pertinent current Turkish legislation.
2
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The current legal status of Syrians in Turkey and questioning whether it is possible for them to acquire Turkish citizenship

88%
Canyaş A. B.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2023
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vol. 13
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issue 4
408-423
EN
Syrians who escaped the civil war in their home country and sought asylum in Turkey have been granted ‘temporary protection’ status, which allows them to remain on humanitarian grounds until they can return to Syria. However, given that they have been living in Turkey since 2011, it is time to question whether this temporary status justifies their current situation. Over the years, their interaction with various domains of Turkish society has brought into focus their legal ability to acquire citizenship, marry, work, receive education etc. Setting aside those who return voluntarily, what a permanent status might be for the population likely to stay in Turkey may be discussed if such a permanency is determined by the Turkish State as a policy one day. Considering such a permanent status, this study first evaluates other states’ tendencies regarding more permanent statuses. It then explains the different legal ways to acquire Turkish citizenship for Syrians, discusses whether mass acquisition of Turkish citizenship is possible if such an alternative is adopted by the Turkish state one day and considers what citizenship brings in terms of rights and responsibilities. Also, through the process of searching for a more permanent status by the Turkish State, long-term residency can be evaluated as an alternative that provides fewer rights than citizenship.
3
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Following the EU Response to the Russian Invasion of Ukraine? The Implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive in Poland

88%
Łysienia M.
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
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2023
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vol. 12
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issue 1
180-200
EN
In 2022, upon the unexpected activation of the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) by the Council Implementing Decision 2022/382, the Member States had to revive the EU law that had not been used for over 20 years. Poland adopted a new law that was aimed at offering extended rights to Ukrainian nationals and their family members. Other persons enjoying temporary protection under EU law were offered general protection available in Poland since 2003. This contribution sets out to answer the question of whether Poland followed the TPD and the Council Implementing Decision 2022/382 in its two-way response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The article is based on a comparative analysis of Polish and EU law, doctrinal views concerning temporary protection and available information about domestic practice. It focuses on the following areas of interest: eligibility for temporary protection, residence permits, accommodation, family reunification, returns and measures after temporary protection ends, and remedies. The analysis conducted showed that Polish law on temporary protection is not fully compatible with the respective EU law. In the selected areas of interest, Poland either did not thoroughly follow the Council Implementing Decision 2022/382 or did not meet the minimum standards arising from the TPD.
4
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War-driven wave of Ukrainian emigration to Europe: an attempt to evaluate the scale and consequences (the view of Ukrainian researchers)

75%
Libanova E., Pozniak O.
Statistics in Transition new series
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2023
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vol. 24
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issue 1
259-276
EN
The article aims to evaluate the scale and consequences of the emigration of Ukrainians triggered by the military aggression of the Russian Federation. The paper also attempts to determine the composition of the refugees. The first weeks of the military aggression saw the most active departure of the population from Ukraine, after that the number of those seeking refuge decreased. According to the estimation of the Ptukha Institute for Demography and Social Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine based on the data from the State Border Guard Service, the number of ‘refugees from the war in Ukraine’ reached 3 million as of the end of June 2022. The emigrants are mainly residents of Kyiv and Kharkiv, which results in a much higher specific weight of people with higher education than the national average. This fact combined with an orientation towards employment rather than social assistance (a mentality that is relatively close to Europeans), suggests a high probability (especially compared to the same emigrants from other countries, including Syria and Afghanistan) for most Ukrainian women to successfully adapt to life across the border. This is especially true for those who came to Poland, due to the minimal linguistic and cultural differences between the countries. The potential amount of irreversible migration losses, depending on the military and economic factors, ranges from 600–700 thousand to 5–5.5 million people. Considering the fact that approximately 3 million Ukrainians had already been staying (working) abroad before 2022, the war is likely to result in a demographic catastrophe for Ukraine, whose demographic potential has been utterly exhausted.
5
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Active labour market policies response to Ukrainian citizens entering the European Union’s labour market

51%
Struk O.
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
|
2023
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issue 3(38)
151-170
RU
Статья содержит тщательный анализ активной политики Европы на рынке труда в условиях притока украинцев после начала полномасштабной агрессии России против Украины. Обзор правил временной защиты украинцев, принятых в странах ЕС, позволил определить условия легального проживания и доступа на рынок труда. Статистические данные и исследования, проведенные международными институтами, стали основой для определения профиля украинских беженцев на рынке труда ЕС. Таким образом, подавляющее большинство граждан Украины, проживающих в странах ЕС, составляют женщины с уровнем образования выше среднего; хорошее или высокое знание английского языка; которые до войны работали с немалой долей в секторах здравоохранения и образования; и которые часто работают ниже своей квалификации. Кроме того, было проведено аналитическое сравнение, чтобы выделить имидж мигрантов, приехавших в Польшу до 24 февраля 2022 года, и военных беженцев, прибывших после начала войны в Украине. Принятие украинцев поляками, замечательное сходство между странами с точки зрения культуры, благоприятный доступ к рынку труда и здравоохранению имеют первостепенное значение как для экономических мигрантов, так и для военных беженцев.
EN
The article contains a thorough analysis of the European active labour market policies in the face of the influx of Ukrainians following the outbreak of the Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine. An overview of the temporary protection regulations for Ukrainians adopted by the EU states made it possible to determine the conditions of legal residence and labour market access. Statistical data and surveys conducted by international institutions became the basis for identification the Ukrainian refugee’s profile on the EU labour market. Thus, the vast majority of Ukrainian citizens staying in EU states are women with higher-than-average educational level; good or high proficiency in English; who used to work before the war with a non-negligible share in the health and education sectors; and who often work below their qualification. In addition, an analytical comparison was undertaken to highlight the image of migrants who came to Poland before February 24, 2022 and that of war refugees who have arrived following the outbreak of the war in Ukraine. Acceptance of Ukrainians by Poles, remarkable similarities between countries in terms of culture, favourable access to the labour market and healthcare are of the utmost significance for both economic migrants and war refugees.
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