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Vox Patrum
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2008
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vol. 52
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issue 2
913-932
EN
The issue of his article is the reflection of the Divine Revelation that had been started from the beginning of Patristic. The earliest Christians documents and the first Fathers of the Church both expressed the Revelation by words like: mystery, salvation, pedagogics. The Revelation comes from the Divine economy and ex- presses in history, what happens step by step. The Fathers of the Church started to expose the unity of the Divine economy. It showed the unity of the Divine Revelation and his constantly progress. The Fathers of the Church started to point to the arguments of credibility of Christianity like the argument from prophetic, but not only. Some of the factors had influenced to the meaning of Revelation. There were for example: Jewish and heretics.
EN
Clement of Alexandria (†253), one of the most eminent early Christian writers, is the pioneer of a very interesting theological conception of the truth. According to his teaching contained in the work Protreptikos the question of the truth should be the foundation of the preaching mission. The issue of the truth is a platform for dialogue between Christianity and the pagan world. The truth has its source in God and ultimately leads back to Him. In the mystery of God is contained the truth about the universe. By getting to know the truth of God man has a chance to get to know the world of nature, his place in it, and his vocation. The truth reveals the falsity of pagan cults and exposes false philosophical views. Its fullest revelation was the incarnation of Jesus Christ. It is thanks to him, that God showed His grace and again called the "descendants of heaven" to eternal glory.
PL
Klemens Aleksandryjski (†253), jeden z najwybitniejszych pisarzy wczesnochrześcijańskich, w Protreptikosie przedstawił tematykę prawdy jako fundamentalną w przepowiadaniu kerygmatycznym. Prawda była bowiem częstym i ważnym tematem podejmowanym przez starożytną myśl grecką. Klemens uczynił z niej płaszczyznę dialogu między światem pogańskim, a chrześcijaństwem. Na bazie tej problematyki stworzył swoistą koncepcję poznania prawdy. Według niego ma ona swoje źródło w Bogu i ostatecznie do Niego prowadzi. Nie jest ona zastrzeżona jedynie dla wybranych, lecz objawia się tym, którzy jej czystym sercem szukają. W Bogu zawarta jest tajemnica prawdy o wszechświecie. To z Jego woli Logos przeobraził i zharmonizował makro- i mikrokosmos. Poznając zatem prawdę Bożą człowiek ma szansę lepiej poznać świat natury, swoje w nim miejsce oraz powołanie. Prawda ujawnia fałsz kultów pogańskich oraz błędne poglądy filozoficzne. Najpełniejszym jej objawieniem było wcielenie Jezusa Chrystusa. To dzięki Niemu Bóg ukazał swoją łaskę i „potomków nieba” na nowo wezwał do świata chwały. Prawda pomaga zwyciężyć zło, zmienić dotychczasowe życie oraz ukazuje pokutującym drogę zbawienia. Odkrycie jej związane jest zwykle z procesem nawrócenia, a więc oświeceniem, umocnieniem przez święte misteria oraz opieczętowaniem znamieniem dziecka Bożego. Przez Słowo objawiające prawdę człowiek staje się na nowo obrazem Boga oraz Jego przyjacielem na wieki.
EN
While presenting issues related to virginity devoted to God, this article points to the variety of pastoral elements in the writings of Gregory of Naziansus, addressed to specific persons (apart from the faithful in general) who constituted objects of concern for the Bishop. The discussion, modest as it is within the limits of this article, focuses on one group of recipients, namely virgins, but urges one to deal with other recipients who presented the author addressed with particular concern.
Vox Patrum
|
2015
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vol. 64
119-130
PL
The first Commentaries to the “Apostolic Symbol”, written in a quite simple language, spread about the IV century among the Latin Churches, which were ac­customed to use professions of faith reproducing the “Roman Symbol”, a model for the textus receptus of the “Symbol” so called “of the Apostles”, an excellent summary of the revealed truths. St. Quodvultdeus of Carthage, in his Sermones de Symbolo, comments the first article of the “Apostolic Symbol” by affirming that it contains the whole faith in the Trinity and the plan of salvation. In commenting the second article, St. Quodvultdeus of Carthage explains how the Incarnate Son is the Messiah announced by the prophets of the Old Testament. Such Incarnation constitutes the second birth of the Word of God after that from the Father without any participation from a mother. He further highlights the great dignity of Mary, playing a quite active role in the work of the Incarnation by gi­ving birth to her Creator. The coming of the Son of God into the world was carried out in a miraculous way, by the work of the Holy Spirit and without the participation of man. For this reason Mary remains virgin and the true Son of God becomes a true man, while still remaining equal to the Father in his divinity. By assuming the human nature in the Incarnation, the Son of God took on Himself all that constitutes a true hu­man being: the soul and the body, already redeemed and sanctified in the very moment of the Incarnation.
Vox Patrum
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2014
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vol. 61
179-194
PL
Orygenes z Aleksandrii († 253), jeden z najwybitniejszych pisarzy wczesno­chrześcijańskich, w apologii Contra Celsum podjął rozważania nad teologiczną wizją państwa. Dominuje w niej idea afirmacji oraz wola współpracy dla wspólne­go dobra. W myśl nauczania biblijnego Adamantios podkreśla Boskie pochodze­nie władzy, której należy się szacunek i lojalność. W przypadku jednak nadużycia kompetencji państwa w kwestii sumienia i wyznania obywateli, chrześcijanin wi­nien bardziej słuchać Boga. Religia domaga się wolności i uszanowania jej zasad. Chrześcijaństwo nie tylko nie przeciwstawia się w swojej doktrynie założeniom państwa i jego celom, lecz może mu służyć na wielu płaszczyznach. Państwo pełniąc rolę służebną względem obywateli, do których należą chrześcijanie, sza­nując ich zasady życia, zyska przez to Boże błogosławieństwo, jak również naj­lepszych i najwartościowszych obywateli. Ideałem, który kreśli Orygenes, byłoby zbudowanie instytucji państwa na wartościach Chrystusowych, z chrześcijańskim władcą na czele. Świat rzymski, a szczególnie jego elity, muszą zrozumieć, iż chrześcijaństwo, które ciągle jest jeszcze w ogromnej mniejszości, jest pragma­tycznie potrzebne Imperium, a Imperium chrześcijaństwu. Rzym, jeśli chce oca­leć i zwyciężyć swoich wrogów, winien stać się chrześcijański. Kościół, według Scholarchy z Aleksandrii, może być źródłem scalenia i unifikacji społeczeństwa, co zawsze stanowi podstawę siły i trwałości państwa. W tym miejscu historii myśl taka była jedynie teoretycznym marzeniem. Jednak w niedługim czasie cesarz Konstantyn, który przejdzie do historii z przydomkiem Wielki, podejmie próbę urzeczywistnienia tego ideału.
Verbum Vitae
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2015
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vol. 27
209-225
EN
Announcing God’s Word in connection with witnessing is the most basic of the Church’s tasks, stemming directly from its nature. In the first centuries of the Church, Christians often faced misunderstanding and persecution. This article presents quite an original conception of Origen (died ca. AD 253) concerning the issue of witnessing in its most radical form: martyrdom. Adamantios calls that the “baptism of blood”, treating it as the perfect form of advocating for Christ (imitatio Christi). Martyrdom is a projection of Christ’s paschal mystery. The baptism of blood cooperates with the passion sacrifice of the Savior in a great soteriologic process of redemption and purification of the world, leading all people to eschatological, glorious union with God in the glory of heaven. The heroic ideal of perfection outlined by Origen aimed not only at strengthening Christians during their testing and persecution, but also at reminding them of the basic task of apostolic mission: witnessing by all Christ’s believers.
Vox Patrum
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2014
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vol. 61
283-295
EN
One of the most crucial problems that split the newly developing Church was the argumentation between the baptized Jews, the Christians deriving from pagans and Gnostics mainly concerned the issue of respecting Moses Law and connected with it circumcision. That problem was deeply analyzed in the preaching of one of the most prominent Early-Christian writers and Church exegetes Origen (around 253 AD). Origen stressed that both the law of faith as well as Moses Law are strictly connected with God’s Law, which every human should respect in order to reach salvation. And neither the deeds of natural law nor Moses Law have the justification power, since this is actually given directly from Christ via our faith and christening. So humans receive the remission of sins and blessing on the basis of faith, and it is the faith that contributes to salvation. Humans, who have been given salvation, are obliged to respect the law faith in their life, which concerns all Christ’s disciples. And that should be manifested by fasting, mercy, penance, seeking wisdom, etc. We can state though that the law of faith, being God’s gift, is fundamental in a Christian’s life, and the reflection of that is justice and sainthood.
Verbum Vitae
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2013
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vol. 24
197-217
EN
Origen from Alexandria (†253), one of the most eminent early Christian writers, is the pioneer of a very interesting theological conception of death. It is connected with his general soteriology doctrine. In the Christocentric theology of Origen, not so much death but Life itself, the synonym of the Savior, determines the principle of his interests, scientific research, and teaching. Death is a departure from Life. It separates us from God and connects with the reality destined to be doomed. The allegorical method used by the Alexandrian enabled him to identify the expression “death” with the Devil. Origen created the so-called doctrine of three kinds of death. First of them is the physical death. It is a consequence of the “paradise sin” and refers to all people. According to the classical definition, it is a separation of the soul from the body. The second one is the death by sin which leads to annihilation. The third one is the death for sin which means eternal happiness in heaven and coming back to the origins of life together with Christ. Origen hopes that at the end of times death will be conquered as the „last enemy”, and all human beings, submitted to it until now, will be purified and will return to the original unity with the Lord.
Verbum Vitae
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2012
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vol. 22
185-201
EN
The analysis of nature and structure of Christian prayer in Origen’s treatise De oratione (about 234), presented in this article, shows that this opuscule can be considered as a synthesis of the theory of prayer, but it doesn’t contain its decisive and precise conception. Following St. Paul’s teaching (1 Tm 2:1) Origen distinguishes four kinds of prayer: petition, thanksgiving, propitiation and adoration; but in the same time he is convinced that in practice they can’t be separated, because they form an integral act of prayer. For instance, propitiatory prayer can’t form separate prayer, but it is necessary condition of the preparation to each prayer. Origen’s conception was continued in the Latin Church in 5th century by John Cassian and it became base for the later development of the theology of prayer.
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