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EN
The article analyses the meaning of the word ἄρτι in the Book of Revelation. This is achieved mainly by use of semiotic and contextual methods, applying a canonical approach, and by drawing on other humanistic disciplines. The important meaning of “present”, as discovered in this research, enriches the Old Testament reflections about time. The exegesis of ἄρτι in the Book of Revelation pays attention to God’s current reign, the point of victory over the devil, and emphasizes the availability of salvation at the present time. The interpretive context of this meaning of ἄρτι is defined by the personal relationship with God, a relationship that changes human attitudes toward troubles, sorrows, and death. Their destructive power is diminished, and fears fade away, as human attention is shifted towards the proximity of a loving God. Taking into consideration the chiastic structure of Apocalypse makes possible the discovery of the complementary benefits, as described in Rev 12:10 and 14:13, which are accessible to readers who consciously live in the present moment.
PL
Analiza terminu ἄρτι w Apokalipsie św. Jana, przeprowadzona z zastosowaniem metod analizy semiotycznej i kontekstualnej, w ujęciu kanonicznym, z odwołaniem do innych dyscyplin naukowych, odsłania kolejne aspekty wagi teraźniejszości, wzbogacając myśl zawartą już w Starym Testamencie. Studium akcentuje aktualność Bożego panowania i punktowy charakter zwycięstwa nad złem oraz podkreśla dostępność zbawienia teraz, w każdym teraz. Lokuje je jednak w kontekście personalnej relacji z Bogiem. Dzięki niej zmienia się optyka spojrzenia na zachodzące teraz trud, cierpienie i śmierć. Niweluje ich siłę, usuwa lęk, przesuwając spojrzenie doświadczającego ich człowieka na bliskość kochającego Boga. Odniesienie do koncepcji chiastycznej konstrukcji Apokalipsy pozwala odkryć w Ap 12,10 i 14,13 uzupełniające się beneficja dostępne w świadomym przeżywaniu teraźniejszości.
EN
Human communication, though based mainly on nouns, verbs, and adjectives, would not be precise without minor parts of speech such as adverbs, conjunctions, and particles. In the presented article, the author considered the adverb nyni strengthened by the particle de. Based on five fragments from the epistles to the Corinthians (1 Cor 12:18; 13:13; 15:20; 2 Cor 8:11.22), the meanings of the nyni de were shown. First, assisted by the Greek dictionaries and lexicons, the author examined the proposals of the interpretation of the expression. On the basis of extra-biblical and biblical literature as well as Hellenistic papyri, lexicographers made a clear distinction between its temporal and logical meaning. According to the author, the mentioned distinction is far too radical because, in Paul’s correspondence with the Corinthians, both temporal and logical meanings are present, even in the passages where the notion of time is weaker (1 Cor 13:13; 15:20).
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