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EN
The article is a commentary on the decision of the Supreme Administrative Court (NSA) related to the scope of administrative courts’ control related to the decisions by the President of the Supreme Audit Office in relation to NIK nominated employees. The NSA examined referring an employee for medical examination by a certifying doctor of the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS), on the basis of Article 92 (3) of the Act on NIK. The author presents the actual and legal situation, the doctrine and the interpretation made by the court, and she elaborates on the arguments given. At the same time, she observes that the decision will change the current practice by making staff-related cases more efficient.
EN
In 2012, the Supreme Audit Office conducted a comprehensive audit of the implementation of the provisions of the law on self-governmental employees. The audit examined performance of local governors (e.g. mayors) related to this law with regard to, among others, the functioning of the position of a secretary in offices of local self-government units and defining the tasks and competence of persons involved in human resources management; the procedures related to the termination of employment relationship with other employees of offices employed on the basis of an employment contract and appointment; the rules of organisation of preparatory service; periodical assessment of employees; the rules of objectivity and impartiality of employees; the rules of remuneration. The article presents the detailed findings of the audit that was conducted in eight regions: dolnośląskie, kujawsko-pomorskie, lubelskie, łódzkie, małopolskie, mazowieckie, śląskie and wielkopolskie – in 45 local self-governmental units.
Kontrola Państwowa
|
2016
|
vol. 61
|
issue 3 (368)
136-149
EN
In his article, the author discusses the possibility of court control over various ways of termination of employment and non-contractual employment from the angle of the constitutional right to court trial and protective function of the Labour Code. The article presents the scope of courts’ control in cases when contractual or non-contractual employment is terminated, as well as the legal nature of the ruling on restoration of employment and compensation if legal deficiencies have been found with regard to the termination of employment. The issue of legal measures that courts have at their disposal in cases when the termination of employment has been questioned is also discussed in the article, as well as possibilities to more broadly apply compensation claims instead of restitution claims.
EN
The regulations of the Act of 21 August 1997 on limitations related to conducting businesses by persons who perform public functions, comprise a set or anti-corruption provisions. One of them sets out that it is forbidden to own more than 10 per cent of stocks or a share that represents more than 10 per cent of the seed capital in commercial companies. A breach of this ban can result in termination of the mandate or termination of employment without notice, with consequences set out in Article 52 of the Labour Code. The article presents the scope of the said ban, as well as the application of sanctions for breaching this ban. Although ratio legis of the legal solutions is to prevent situations that might tempt to abuse public functions, the analysis made shows that this aim has not been achieved. Moreover, it seems that the regulation currently in force does not provide for too many situations in which a conflict of interest may appear (understood as financial interest in the company performance). The bans introduced have been analysed as for their compliance with the Constitution of Poland. Although they are compliant with the Constitution, some court rulings modify, on the basis of concrete situations, sanctions applied for breaches of anti-corruption acts.
EN
Termination of employment without notice due to the employee’s fault pursuant to the provision of Art. 52 of the Labour Code is possible in three enumerated instances. These include: severe violation of basic employee duties, a serious offence committed by the employee during the term of the employment contract that renders further employment at his or her post impossible when the offense is obvious or confirmed by a final court judgment and, finally, culpable loss of license or qualification necessary to perform work at the post. The present article discusses the two latter premises mentioned above, based on the Supreme Court judicature.
PL
Rozwiązanie umowy o pracę bez wypowiedzenia z winy pracownika w oparciu o przepis art. 52 kodeksu pracy możliwe jest w przypadku zaistnienia jednej z trzech enumeratywnie wymienionych przesłanek. Należą do nich: ciężkie naruszenie podstawowych obowiązków pracowniczych, popełnienie przez pracownika w czasie trwania umowy o pracę przestępstwa, które uniemożliwia jego dalsze zatrudnienie na zajmowanym stanowisku, a przestępstwo jest oczywiste lub stwierdzone prawomocnym wyrokiem, czy wreszcie zawiniona utrata uprawnień koniecznych do wykonywania pracy na danym stanowisku. Niniejszy artykuł omawia dwie ostatnie wyżej wymienione przesłanki, w oparciu o orzecznictwo Sądu Najwyższego.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza wypowiedzenia umowy o pracę radcy prawnemu w związku z nienależytym wykonywaniem zawodu w kontekście wykonywania przez radcę prawnego wolnego zawodu oraz w kontekście zagadnienia ochrony trwałości stosunku pracy. Konstrukcja tego wypowiedzenia w prawie polskim stanowi w ujęciu autorki ważny element definiujący wykonywanie zawodu radcy prawnego jako wolnego zawodu. W opracowaniu podjęta zostanie argumentacja na rzecz stanowiska, że ochrona stosunku pracy radcy prawnego nie może zostać uznana za szczególną ochronę trwałości stosunku pracy.
EN
The purpose of this article is to analyze the termination of employment of legal counsel due to improper practice of the profession in the context of the exercise of the profession of legal counsel and in the context of protection of long-term employment. The construction of this notice in the Polish law, is an important element that defines the profession of legal counsel as a liberal profession. The argument will be undertaken in favor of the position that the protection of employment of legal counsel cannot be considered as a special protection of the durability of employment.
EN
The article discusses the doubts regarding the power of the Vice-rector for human resources to submit a statement terminating the employment relationship with an employee with notice on behalf of the Rector. The author presents the current legal status regarding this particular situation in the article and presents the positions of the courts of all instances in Poland.
PL
W artykule omówiono wątpliwości dotyczące umocowania prorektora właściwego do spraw kadr do złożenia oświadczenia o rozwiązaniu stosunku pracy za wypowiedzeniem z pracownikiem w imieniu rektora, przez którego został upoważniony. Autorka przedstawia aktualny stan prawny dotyczący tej konkretnej sytuacji a także prezentuje stanowiska sądów wszystkich instancji w Polsce.
PL
W niepodległej Polsce od podstaw przystąpiono do budowy regulacji prawnych nowej dziedziny prawa, prawa pracy, które zrywało z dotychczas fundamentalną zasadą swobody umów, na której opierano umowny stosunek świadczenia pracy przez pracownika na rzecz pracodawcy. Dnia 16 marca 1928 r. Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej wydał rozporządzenie o umowie o pracę robotników, określające wzajemne obowiązki pracownika i pracodawcy, w oparciu o umowę o pracę, na mocy której pracownik zobowiązywał się do świadczenia pracy na rzecz pracodawcy za wynagrodzeniem. Ustawodawca dopuścił zawarcie umowy o pracę w formie pisemnej, ustnej lub innej formie zwyczajowo przyjętej w danym zakładzie pracy. Pracodawca w zamian za świadczoną pracę, zobowiązany był do zapłaty stosownego umownego wynagrodzenia, które określał w umowie o pracę. Co ważne, przedmiotowe rozporządzenie zawierało szereg regulacji o charakterze ochronnym pracownika i tym samym wyrównującym jego pozycję w stosunku do pracodawcy. Należy do nich zaliczyć przepisy w zakresie ochrony wynagrodzenia czy obowiązku określenia przez pracodawcę regulaminów pracy. Jednak, co najważniejsze, rozporządzenie chroniło pracownika przed natychmiastowym i bezpodstawnym rozwiązaniem stosunku pracy.
EN
In independent Poland, the legal regulations for a new area of law, labor law, which has previously broken the fundamental principle of the freedom of contract, on which the contractual relationship of the employee’s work to the employer was based, were started from scratch. On March 16, 1928, the President of the Republic issued a regulation on the employment contract for workers specifying the mutual obligations of the employee and employer, based on a contract of employment under which the employee undertook to provide work for the employer for remuneration. The legislator allowed for the conclusion of a contract of employment in writing, verbal or other form customarily adopted in a given workplace. As it was indicated above, the employer was obliged to pay the appropriate contractual remuneration which the employer specified in the employment contract in return for the work provided. Importantly, the Regulation included a number of regulations protecting the employee and thus levelling his position in relation to the employer. These include provisions regarding the protection of remuneration or obligation in the scope of determining by the employer the work regulations. However, the most important ones are those defining mutual obligations of the parties in the scope of terminating the employment relationship, the regulation protected the employee against immediate and groundless termination of employment.
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