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Terracotta figurines are one of the few iconographical sources available for the study of equids, their breeding and exploitation in Northern Mesopotamia in the third and first half of the second millennium BC. However, the insights offered by this category of artifacts have largely been unrecognized by scholars, what is particularly conspicuous in the Khabur River basin, where equid figurines are very common finds. A detailed analysis of this type of figured documents, especially of the hitherto unpublished assemblage from Tell Arbid, shows that among details marked on the figurines were characteristics of the separate equid species, elements of their equipment and details pointing to certain breeding practices. What makes the equid figurines from the Khabur region even more interesting is the fact that that some of the details were not represented on Near Eastern equid depictions in other media (dorsal and shoulder stripes, strapping of genitalia), have been attested for much later periods (trappers) or have been known solely from written documents (saddle bags, marking of animals).
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This paper aims at analyzing relations between different types of clay figurines and models found at Tell Arbid, a site in northern Mesopotamia, in the Khabur region. Starting with a presentation of a set of third millennium BC clay objects – including an equid and an anthropomorphic figurines, as well as a wheel model – the author discusses those figurines which were deliberately shaped to fit, or to be combined with, other objects. Analyzing them against the backdrop of analogies from Mesopotamian iconographic sources allowed for defining some functional associations between the representations of males, wheeled vehicles and/or equids. The hypothetically reconstructed sets seem to reproduce scenes well-known from other media. Based on these observations, it is possible better to understand and to interconnect phenomena characteristic for the clay plastic art not just of the site but of the whole region: predominance of equids, prevalence of male over female images and popularity of model vehicles.
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