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THEORETICAL BASICS OF SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

100%
Ibek A., Suchojad M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
|
2016
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issue 3
160-177
EN
The paper is a theoretical consideration on the scientific evidence in a criminal proceeding, presented as following: the explanation of the term “scientific evidence”, the review of the existing definitions of scientific evidence (i.e. by methodological, methodical and normative enumeration), a proposal of a general, classic definition of the scientific evidence. It also shows criteria to identify the “correctness” of the scientific evidence, from inter-subjective controllability and communication, validation of the test method, interpretation of the results of its application with the use of a likelihood ratio, up to a critical analysis of Frey’s standard and Daubert’s standard. The paper concludes with a discussion on selected concepts of the scientific evidence assessment for the purposes of criminal proceedings.
2
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Listening Strategies and L2 Listening Comprehension: Does the Test Method Matter?

100%
Mahdavy B., Mousavi Namavar M.
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
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2023
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vol. 9
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issue 1
1-22
EN
Many studies have so far tried to examine the relationship between listening strategies and listening comprehension. However, it seems that none of them have focused on the effect of the test method on the findings. The present study has investigated the issue by having 55 English language learners respond to pictorial and non-pictorial listening test items with different response formats. The listening section of the Preliminary English Test (PET) and a 36-item listening strategies questionnaire were administered in the first session and after a week’s interval, the participants took a modified version of PET listening. The data were collected in a language laboratory. Several correlation and regression tests were run to investigate the relationships between listening comprehension as measured by the original and modified PET listening tests and metacognitive, cognitive and socio-affective listening strategies. The results showed that L2 learners’ use of metacognitive listening strategies is the strongest predictor of listening performance. In addition, the findings indicated that the relationship between the use of listening strategies and listening performance is mediated by the kind of test method which is used for measuring L2 listening. Directions for future research and implications for practice are presented.
3
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Methodological pluralism in economics

88%
Wojciechowska R.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2017
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issue 489
474-482
EN
The purpose of the paper is to analyse the issue of a test method in economics. It calls for the necessity of adopting a methodological approach that will be flexible and cognitively inspiring, which is a prerequisite to establishing the foundations for economics, its development and effectiveness in clarifying social and economic phenomena. Currently believed to be a complex (both theoretical and empirical), and inductive-deductive science, economics fails to possess binding methodological arrangements. Therefore, when looking for good solutions, scholars propose universal pluralism, which lets them expand the research apparatus within defined, yet not tightly logical structures.
4
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Psychological determinants of economics. Critical analysis of common areas of research in economics and psychology

51%
Wojciechowska R.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2018
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issue 529
393-401
EN
Economics needs psychology. It is impossible to explain social and economic phenomena on the basis of typical economic models. Economics has opened to social sciences and thus modified its own test methods and language, and extended the research area. As a result of the cooperation between economics and psychology, numerous scientific subdisciplines were formed, and economic models and theories developed new meanings and applications. Yet, not every interdisciplinary research is cognitively fertile for economics. What economics risks is losing its own scientific identity and sight of its subject of research. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the opportunities and threats that appear in the scope of research done and actions taken in economics and psychology.
PL
Ekonomia potrzebuje psychologii. Wyjaśnianie zjawisk społeczno-gospodarczych nie jest możliwe w oparciu o typowe modele ekonomiczne. Ekonomia otworzyła się na nauki społeczne, modyfikując tym samym metodę badawczą, język i rozszerzając obszar badawczy. W wyniku kooperacji ekonomii i psychologii powstały liczne dyscypliny naukowe „z pogranicza” (subdyscypliny), a modele i teorie ekonomiczne zyskały nowe znaczenie i zastosowanie. Jednak nie każde badanie interdyscyplinarne jest dla ekonomii płodne poznawczo. Ekonomia może stracić swoją tożsamość naukową i zgubić przedmiot badań. Celem artykułu była analiza szans i zagrożeń, które pojawiają się w obszarze badań i podejmowanych działań przez ekonomię i psychologię.
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