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Nové možnosti prístupu k výskumu dejín vojvodstva v 11. storočí

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Bagi D.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

2021

vol. 24

issue 2

5-60

The study presents previous research on the history of the duchy in Hungarian, Czechoslovak (Czech) and Polish historiography as well. It also represents a new research concept. The Arpads‘ system of power division in the 11th century cannot be considered either as a model of state development or as a mere exercise of dynastic inheritance or family law. Instead of research on the statedevelopment, it is more appropriate to proceed from the then understanding of law and the organization of society, contained primarily in narrative sources and then situate the history of the duchy into it. The basis of this order had been represented by the system of relations between free people, based on a friendship confirmed by an oath. We can assume that these interpersonal relations had also determined the competence of the duchy and dukes. When comparing the Arpad dynastyduchy with similar constitutions of the Piast and Přemyslid dynasties, we can state that the territorial power division does not necessarily correspond to the authority/competent one. We still do not know the exact territorial extent of the duchy in the Kingdom of Hungary. However, we can say with certainty that its centers, unlike the Piast ones, had only slightly affected the main royal residences. While good relations had been lasting in the ruling dynasty, the dukes had important competencies. These competencies meant a share in the royal power, so the agreement had primarily represented the division of competencies. This might explain why kings and dukes regularly appear together in the main positions of the country, together representing the ruling power. The model of the power division between the Arpads in the 11th century was thus primarily family-based. It was based on consensus among family members.According to this consensus, the power division affecting the whole country had been in the ratio 2 : 1. The sources do not mention exactly what the members of the ruling family had divided among themselves. We can suppose that the reason was because it was not necessary, since the Hungarian chronicler understood the term divisio regni in the meaning of the disputes over the throne, as well as the power division.

Od składania ofi ar własnym bogom do sancti reges et duces czyli Arpadów przygoda z sacrum

100%

Grzesik R.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

2016

issue 2(11)

149-162

The Hungarians are supposed to fi rst have come into contact with Christianity back on the steppes of the Black Sea and then in the Carpathian Basin. Among potential centres, seeding the new faith among them, are local Christians. However, these were fi rst the Byzantine Empire, which sent a mission of Hierotheos, a bishop, and later the Western Empire, which patronised Church missions in the second half of the tenth century, that played the leading role in Hungarian Christianity. Eventually, the ruling Árpád dynasty were baptised in the Roman Rite. The actual builder of the Hungarian Church was St. Stephen, who was canonised less than fi fty years after his death. This shows the specifi city of Hungarian Christianity: a developed cult of saint rulers. Another distinguishing feature of this Central-Eastern European country was the existence of two metropolises: in Esztergom and Kalocsa. This was perhaps due to a wish to honour Astrik, who received the pallium as bishop of Kalocsa, replacing Sebastian, the Archbishop of Esztergom. At the end of the article, I compare the development of Christianity in Hungary and Poland until the end of the thirteenth century.

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1 Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

1 Historia Slavorum Occidentis

1 Bagi D.

1 Grzesik R.

1 2021

1 2016

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Nové možnosti prístupu k výskumu dejín vojvodstva v 11. storočí

Od składania ofi ar własnym bogom do sancti reges et duces czyli Arpadów przygoda z sacrum