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EN
The position of Slovakia and Austria in international relations during the Second World War had a different character – whereas for the fi rst time in its history Slovakia gained its (limited) autonomy, Austria lost its independence and became an integral part of the German Reich. At the Conference of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the USA, USSR and Great Britain in October 1943 in Moscow, however, an agreement was reached: Austria was to acquire a unique status in the post-war period: although it was perceived as a war ally of Germany, Austria should still be treated as a free and again independent country after the war. The post-war fate of Slovakia was quite the opposite: in agreement with the Czechoslovak government in exile in London, the Allied Powers confi rmed the restoration of the pre-conditions of the Munich Agreement, according to which the First Slovak Republic ceased to exist after the defeat of Germany in May 1945.
EN
At the outbreak of the Second World War the Union of South Africa was military unprepared and divided politically. The division into supporters and opponents of the war against Germany was clear, both in the Parliament, as well as in South African society, particularly among large parts of the Afrikaners it manifested itself as significant political support and public acceptance of the ideology of Adolf Hitler and the Third Reich. The moderate Afrikaners and first of all the English‑speaking population supported joining the war on the side of the Allies. In the parliament, the issue has led to a government crisis. The Union of South Africa as a British Dominion finally declared war on Nazi Germany. In a relatively short time the state was able to prepare its institutions, society and economy for participation in the war. An important role in the consolidation of the political elite and society in the fight against Nazi Germany on the side of to the Allies was played J. C. Smuts.
PL
Okres II wojny światowej to dla Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki Północnej czas zmian zarówno w polityce zewnętrznej jak i wśród społeczeństwa. W początkowym okresie wojny Stany Zjednoczone prowadziły politykę izolacjonizmu, czerpiąc korzyści gospodarcze z udzielania pomocy materiałowej krajom kolacji antynazistowskiej. Przystąpienie do wojny w 1941 r. i udział Amerykanów w walce z hitlerowską III Rzeszą oraz Cesarstwem Japońskim zarówno zmieniło układ sił jak i miało ogromny wpływ na politykę czasu wojny i wczesnego okresu powojennego. Stany Zjednoczone bezsprzecznie można określić mianem wielkiego zwycięzcy II wojny światowej.
EN
The World War II era is for the United States of America the time of changes in the external policy and social issues. In the early years of war the United States had carried on the policy of isolationism deriving economic benefits from supplying the Allies in war against the Nazi Germany. Joining the war in 1941 and participation of Americans in the struggle against the Third Reich and the Japanese Empire have changed the balance of power and had a huge impact on politics in the war-time and in early post-war period. The United States of America can be undeniably described as the economic and political winners of World War II.
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