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EN
Amendments of the Code of Administrative Proceedings, suggested in the assessed petition, introduce an exclusion of the possibility of declaring an administrative decision invalid, if the decision has been issued without legal basis or with a gross infringement of law, after 10 years from the day the decision has been delivered or published. The proposed solution consisting of an application of the limitation period set out in Article 156 para. 2 of the Code even to such decisions issued without legal basis or with the gross infringement of law which have not been a basis for acquiring a right or expectative of a right (wider than in the Constitutional Tribunal’s judgment, ref. no. P 46/13) – stays, in the author’s opinion, in accordance with Article 2 of Polish Constitution and it could be regarded as optimally balancing the principle of the rule of law, the principle of legal certainty and the principle of the protection of legitimate expectation. Moreover, the author claims that introducing the new Article 158 para. 3 of the Code, according to which a declaration a questioned decision as invalid due to its issue without legal basis or with a gross infringement of law of issue of a decision with an infringement of law shall constitute grounds for declaration of invalidity of a decision issued on the basis of the former one, is justified.
EN
Social interest and rightful interest of an individual on the basis of the Article 7 in fine of the Polish Code of Administrative Proceedings The following article expands on one of the crucial and basic general principles that lead the administrative proceedings, being at the same time a kind of a guideline in interpretation for the whole system of administrative laws. The aforementioned principle, namely “the principle of accommodating public and private legitimate interests” is included in the article 7 in fine of the Code of the Administrative Proceedings. The rule is of great importance for those proceedings that entail a type of discretion which organs of administration legally possess. That is the time when the two interests must be weighed up and the primacy to one of them must be given. The author also tries to distinguish between the interchangeable terms of “public interest” and “social interest” pointing to their semantic use. The issue of collision of the two interests has been also described in the text. Finally, the legal guarantees of adopting that principle have been touched upon.
Horyzonty Polityki
|
2022
|
vol. 13
|
issue 45
31-52
EN
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The research objective of these considerations is the normative analysis of the principle of trust expressed in Art. 8 § 1 of the c.a.p. in the context of building and strengthening the authority of public bodies. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The basic research problem is to establish the relationship between the implementation of the principle of trust by public administration bodies and its impact on the authority of public authorities. The analysis uses the dogmatic-legal method supplemented with theoretical-legal and historical-legal methods. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The article first characterizes the principle of trust with its historical evolution and the entities obliged to apply it. The provisions of Art. 8 § 1 c.a.p. along with the achievements of the doctrine and judicature resulting from this background, with particular emphasis on the methods of its implementation, which have been decoded from the principle of trust. RESEARCH RESULTS: The conducted analysis allows to conclude that the implementation of the principle of trust in accordance with the requirements of a democratic state ruled by law and the principles expressed in the c.a.p. it is a necessary element in building the authority of public authority. The analysis of the rulings of administrative courts confirms the importance of the principle of trust for the entire course of administrative proceedings and the rulings issued within them. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The discussed issues should be assessed as universal and not losing its relevance. Since the breach of the principle of trust affects the authority of public authority, administrative authorities and courts should pay special attention to its observance when verifying and controlling decisions. For this purpose, it is justified to constantly improve the substantive competences and soft skills of employees of the authorities in the field of servicing the parties to the proceedings.
PL
Cel naukowy: Celem badawczym niniejszych rozważań jest analiza normatywna zasady zaufania wyrażonej w art. 8 § 1 Kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego w kontekście budowania i wzmacniania autorytetu władzy publicznej. Problem i metody badawcze: Podstawowym problemem badawczym jest ustalenie zależności pomiędzy realizacją zasady zaufania przez organy administracji publicznej a jej wpływem na autorytet władz publicznych. W analizie wykorzystano metodę dogmatyczno-prawną uzupełnioną o metodę teoretyczno-prawną i historyczno-prawną. Proces wywodu: W artykule scharakteryzowano w pierwszej kolejności zasadę zaufania wraz z jej historyczną ewolucją oraz podmioty obowiązane do jej stosowania. Badaniu poddano brzmienie przepisu art. 8 § 1 k.p.a. wraz powstałym na tym tle dorobkiem doktryny i judykatury, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem odkodowanych z zasady zaufania sposobów jej realizacji. Wyniki analizy naukowej: Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala stwierdzić, że realizacja zasady zaufania – zgodnie z wymogami demokratycznego państwa prawnego oraz zasadami wyrażonymi w k.p.a. – stanowi konieczny element budowania autorytetu władzy publicznej. Analiza orzeczeń sądów administracyjnych potwierdza doniosłość znaczenia zasady zaufania dla całego toku postępowania administracyjnego i wydanego w jego ramach rozstrzygnięcia. Wnioski, innowacje, rekomendacje: Omawianą problematykę ocenić należy jako uniwersalną i nie tracącą na aktualności. Ponieważ naruszenie zasady zaufania bezpośrednio uderza w autorytet władzy publicznej, organy oraz sądy administracyjne powinny szczególną uwagę zwracać na jej przestrzeganie przy weryfikacji i kontroli nie tylko samego rozstrzygnięcia, ale i okoliczności ich wydawania. W tym celu za zasadne uznać należy stałe podnoszenie zarówno kompetencji merytorycznych, jak i umiejętności miękkich pracowników organów administracji publicznej w zakresie obsługi stron postępowania.
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