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The paper Gaea – Passive Principle; the Social Symbolization of the Myth observes, in the Naturalistic esthetic context, with realistic nuances, the relationships of the characters with property. The Earth, a strong symbolic presence in universal literature becomes a metaphor of germination, of the opposition with the sky. The Earth structures communities and individual destinies in a circular construction in the novels The Earth by Emile Zola and Ion by Liviu Rebreanu, but then becomes again the primordial chaos. Masculine and feminine principles are in perpetual confrontation; at the symbolic-anthropological level, earth, life and death are in a cosmic connection, viewed as a condition of the eternal revival. The human regnum, the animal regnum and the vegetal regnum are, more often than not, indistinct in their vibrations. Apparently a passive principle, the earth provokes in the human being all his latent instincts, ready for the Dionysian exultation and for death.
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The present paper argues that the teachings of Anaximander are much better knowable than they actually appear, since a number of his teachings have the privilege of being almost transparent in their predicative content as well as in their logic. As a matter of fact, one can quite easily come to understand the train of thought which lies behind Anaximander’s most momentous conjectures. Thus, a largely unexpected Anaximander comes to light despite the availability of the majority of the relevant sources since 1903. Two main areas appear to be particularly prominent: on the one hand, the complex body of various conjectures and doctrines that helps to understand the system of spatial relationships from Miletus to the stars and, on the other hand, the equally complex body of conjectures and doctrines whose primarily concern is the macro-story of the Earth from its most remote past to its predictable future. The merits of Anaximander as an earth-researcher are much greater than one could actually imagine. It is suggested here that what philosophy owes to him in particular lies in his quest for knowledge, his method, his cognitive hybris, and his intellectual discipline, rather than individual doctrines. A comparison with Thales follows in the last paragraph.
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