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EN
According to the Decree on the Sacraments of the Council of Trent, one of the effects of frequent receiving of the Holy Communion is perpetua sanitas mentis, perpetual sanity of mind. The article demonstrates that these words echo a text, which the authors of the decree associated with Saint Cyprian of Carthage († 258), whereas its real author was the monk Ernaldus Bonaevallis († after 1159). It demonstrates that the theme of mental recovery through communion with Christ was present in the theology of the Church Fathers and in the liturgical prayer of the Church, and that the theologians and preachers of the twelfth century, including Ernaldus himself, turned their attention to it. It presents the way in which representatives of High Scholasticism Alexander of Hales († 1245) and Thomas Aquinas († 1274) reflected on sanitas or, more specifically, sanatio mentis. Their theology, and especially the theology of Doctor Angelicus, formed the thinking of the participants of the Council of Trent. It can thus serve as a key for understanding their words.
EN
Vyklad na Zjevenie sv. Jana (Exposition on the Revelation to St. John), written by Jakoubek of Stříbro, is the most extensive theological treatise written in Czech during the period of early Hussite radicalism at the beginning of the 1420s. With this work, Jakoubek attempted to put Czech on an equal footing with Latin within the theological reformist discourse. This study examines the character of Jakoubek’s Vyklad, its significance in the context of Bohemian Latin and Czech theological discourses, and its impact on later, mainly Latin, works. It also establishes that we are not dealing with a later translation, but that Vyklad na Zjevenie was originally written in Czech. Jakoubek in this text constructed a counterpoint to the radical apocalyptic visions rooted in diverse exegetical approaches. The focus of his attention – polemically and propagandistically – was primarily the reception of the Eucharistic Communion sub utraque specie. Jakoubek’s commentary later influenced Hussite theological thought, one of the clearest examples being the Latin Expositio super Apocalypsim written by the Táborite theologian Nicholas of Pelhřimov in 1429–1430. Nicholas adopted not only Jakoubek’s exegetical method but also some of his approaches to the polemical themes.
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PASCHA JEZUSA CHRYSTUSA

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Studia Ełckie
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2017
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vol. 19
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issue 4
433 - 449
EN
Many people raise the question: Was the Last Supper of Jesus and the Apostles the Jewish Passover? The answer to this question is not that simple, though. This article attempts to identify the features of Jewish Passover based on characterictics of the Last Supper found in the Synoptic Gospels. However, the most important aspect for the author is to present the novelty of Eucharist in the light of rites and theology of the holy day of Pesach. This Novelty, when interpreting the descriptions of the Last Supper in the light of the Jewish Pass-over, provides us with a new theological dimension of the Eucharist, which was taken into account during the Second Vatican Council as well as liturgical re-forms. Christ died and was raised from the dead to the immortal glory so as to deliver us from the power of sin. Our Saviour crossed the borders of death and went on to the new life. In theology this passing is referred to as Pe-sach/Passover, the Mystery of Pascha, or the Paschal Mystery, since the He-brew word pesach means a passage. The ‘passage’ of Christ to the to Father’s glory was announced by the Israeli leaving the Egyptian land of slavery, sol-emnly declared at the time of Jewish celebration of Pascha/Passover. Christ’s death and His Resurrection took place right at the time of this religious feast. The introductory part of this article presents the most important elements of Jewish Pesach contained in descriptions of the Last Supper. Then we make insight into Jesus Christ and His redempting activity in the light of the Jewish Passover. And finally, the last part of this article introduces the new and pas-chal dimension of the Eucharist.
EN
Sunday is a day devoted to God. Community of the Church recalls the first day of the existence of the world with thanksgiving and worship. This is the day of the Lord. According to God’s plan, it is also a day of rest. The Creator separated Sunday from the other days. Thus, it has become a determinant for the proper functioning of man in his earthly existence. But in order to be experience the Lord’s Day in this manner, it is necessary to be aware of the proper meaning of rest and man should live it in the act of praise and thanksgiving to the Creator himself. The Lord’s Day is the day when man should express his human relationship with God through prayer. Especially on this day we are to remember the great works of God and we should take a rest in God in an attitude of thanksgiving, praise, filial attachment and spousal friendship. In addition, Sunday is also Passover and Pentecost, when the faithful celebrate Christ’s victory over sin and death and the outpouring of the Spirit Paraclete with His gifts. Sunday is a special day and in its centre there should be the Eucharist which is of great importance for the functioning of the ecclesial community. A special place in the community of the Church is the home church, which is also called the Church in miniature. This community has to live Sunday in a manner characteristic of the Universal Church, meeting in prayer and the breaking of bread in the communion of the Church. Thus the family as a home church should live with the Eucharist, which is the sacrament of the love of the Bridegroom and the Bride. It strengthens the unity and sacramental love of spouses. Celebration of the Lord’s Day on the basis of the celebration of the Eucharist helps to strengthen individuals and individual marital-family community.
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EN
Music and singing are an expression of the joyful experience of the Lord’s Day – Sunday. They are setting the liturgy, and yet they are emanations of the human spirit. The essence of the meeting is the unity of the Holy Spirit, who is principal of unitatis in oratione et al cantione unitatis. Not enough to be physically at Mass. The identity of the Mystical Body of Christ makes himself God sacrifice no other way than through active participation in singing and prayer. The purpose of music is to glorify God and the sanctification of the faithful participating in the Eucharist. Proper selection of singing the Mass and the involvement of all participants in the liturgy, appropriate to exercise the tasks, unite the community around the sacrifice of Christ and the Church, and give the character more worthy liturgical operations. The appearance of some improper practices in the liturgy, the characteristics of each feature and songs, and attempt to „straighten” in light of the relevant legislation, liturgical music and aim to improve during the singing of liturgical celebrations.
EN
Music and singing are an expression of the joyful experience of the Lord's Day – Sunday. They are setting the liturgy, and yet they are emanations of the human spirit. The essence of the meeting is the unity of the Holy Spirit, who is principal of unitatis in oratione et al cantione unitatis. Not enough to be physically at Mass. The identity of the Mystical Body of Christ makes himself God sacrifice no other way than through active participation in singing and prayer. The purpose of music is to glorify God and the sanctification of the faithful participating in the Eucharist. Proper selection of singing the Mass and the involvement of all participants in the liturgy, appropriate to exercise the tasks, unite the community around the sacrifice of Christ and the Church, and give the character more worthy liturgical operations. The appearance of some improper practices in the liturgy, the characteristics of each feature and songs, and attempt to „straighten” in light of the relevant legislation, liturgical music and aim to improve during the singing of liturgical celebrations.
Polonia Sacra
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2017
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vol. 21
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issue 1(46)
121-134
PL
Artykuł odsłania tajemnicę Eucharystii, jaką zawierają pisma Edyty Stein. Dzieła świętej stanowiły bogaty materiał badawczy, ponieważ charakteryzują się głębią teologicznych, filozoficznych i psychologicznych rozważań. Artykuł wskazuje na źródła, na których Edyta Stein opierała się przy opracowywaniu zagadnienia Eucharystii. Następnie ukazuje, jak w swoich pismach ujmowała istotę mszy świętej. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wyłania się szczególnie ofiarniczy charakter sakramentu ołtarza. W ostatniej części artykuł przedstawia głębokie i jasno sformułowane myśli świętej dotyczące skutków Eucharystii, będące wynikiem jej osobistego doświadczenia.
EN
The article looks at the way Edith Stein presents the mystery of the Eucharist in her works. Because ofthe deepness of hertheological, philosophical, and psychological thought, her writings proved to be a rich trove of material for research. The paper shows the original sources that Edith Stein used while working to understand the Eucharist.Nextit presentsthe way thatthe Saint understood the essence ofthe Mass. From the analysis emerges a particularily sacrificial character ofthe Sacrament ofthe Altar. In the last part, the article shows Edith Stein’s deep and clearly stated views on the effects of the Eucharist, that are based on her own personal experience.
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EN
The article deals with the issue of moral aspects of a priestly ministration. The author, having reached various philosophical and theology sources, shows the priestly service through man’s acts of love. Such love is the answer to the man’s needs, that is, the realization of the precept of love. In relation to God, our love is perceived through the prayer of adoration and sacrifice.
EN
The teaching on the Eucharist from The Summa Theologiae of St. Thomas Aquinas aptly illustrates that philosophy is an indispensable tool for rationalizing revealed truths in practicing theology. The author applies terminology developed on the basis of Aristotelian metaphysics to properly conceive the mystery which the liturgy refers to with the words: “This is the great Mystery of Faith”. Using the metaphysical concepts of “matter” and “form” as well as “substance” and “accidents,” Aquinas describes the essence of the Eucharistic mystery in which, through the words constituting the form of the sacrament, uttered by the priest on behalf of Christ and at His command, the substance is transformed from bread and wine (transubstantiatio) into the substance of the Body and Blood of the Lord. As a result, the accidents of bread and wine, still perceived by the senses, exist by the power of God’s creative action without their proper subject. Thomas draws attention to the uniqueness of the sacrament of the Eucharist among other sacraments, in which matter, such as water or oil, does not undergo a substantial transformation, but becomes only an instrument, the use of which is accompanied, through its consecration, by a specific power to produce spiritual effects.
PL
Szczególnym przykładem przemawiającym za prawdziwością stwierdzenia, w myśl którego filozofia stanowi niezbędne narzędzie, służące racjonalizacji prawd objawionych, pozostaje nauka o Eucharystii zawarta w Sumie Teologicznej św. Tomasza z Akwinu. Autor ten sięga po terminologię wypracowaną na gruncie arystotelesowskiej metafizyki celem wyjaśnienia istoty Misterium, do którego liturgia odnosi słowa: „Oto wielka Tajemnica Wiary”. Posługując się metafizycznymi pojęciami „materii” i „formy” oraz „substancji” i „przypadłości”, Akwinata podejmuje swego rodzaju próbę wyrażenia niewyrażalnego, opisując istotę Eucharystycznego Misterium, w którym - pod wpływem stanowiących formę sakramentu słów, wypowiadanych przez kapłana w imieniu samego Chrystusa oraz na Jego wyraźne polecenie - następuje zamiana substancji chleba i wina (transsubstantiatio) w substancję Ciała i Krwi Pańskiej. W wyniku tej przemiany spostrzegane nadal ludzkimi zmysłami przypadłości chleba i wina istnieją bez właściwego sobie podmiotu, mocą stwórczego działania Boga. Tomasz zwraca uwagę na wyjątkowość sakramentu Eucharystii wśród innych sakramentów, w których ich materia, jak woda czy olej, nie ulegają substancjalnej przemianie, ale pozostając nadal sobą spełniają jedynie rolę narzędzia, którego użyciu towarzyszy, dzięki ich konsekracji, określona moc sprawiania duchowych skutków.
PL
W Eucharystii zawiera się całe dobro duchowe Kościoła, czyli Jezus Chrystus, który jest naszą Paschą i Chlebem żywym, który przez swoje ożywione przez Ducha Świętego i ożywiające Ciało daje życie ludziom. Swoją zbawczą skuteczność czerpie ona z realnej obecności Chrystusa. Z Eucharystią wiążą się również inne popularne formy kultu praktykowane w Kościele. Najbardziej znaną i rozpowszechnioną formą kultu Eucharystii poza Mszą św. jest niewątpliwie wystawienie i adoracja Najświętszego Sakramentu. Praktykowana jest ona na różne sposoby: znane są tak zwane wieczyste adoracje Najświętszego Sakramentu, podczas których adoruje się Chrystusa Eucharystycznego przez cały dzień, nabożeństwa czterdziestogodzinne, nabożeństwa różańcowe i inne okazjonalne formy tego kultu. Artykuł ukazuje teologiczne podstawy dla adoracji Najświętszego Sakramentu. Adoracja Chrystusa Eucharystycznego podkreśla odkupieńczy wymiar przebywania Boga pośród swojego ludu i zachęca do pełnego uczestnictwa we Mszy Świętej. Najważniejszym motywem dla adoracji jest rzeczywista obecność Chrystusa w Najświętszym Sakramencie. Uroczysta adoracja Chrystusa Eucharystycznego ma zawsze wymiar teocentryczny, chrystologiczny, eklezjalny i eschatologiczny.
EN
The Eucharist contains the entire spiritual good of the Church, that is Jesus Christ, our Passover and living bread. Through his flesh, made living and life-giving by the Holy Spirit, he gives life to men. The Eucharist draws its saving effectiveness from the real presence of Christ. There are other popular forms of cult outside Holy Mass which are connected with the Eucharist and practised in the Church. The best known and most widespread of these is the Eucharistic Exposition and Adoration. It is practised in various forms: so-called Perpetual adoration, which takes place in chapels where the Body of Christ is adored round the clock; forty-hour adoration; rosary services and other occasional forms of that cult. This article reveals the theological basis for adoration of the Most Blessed Sacrament. Adoration of Christ in the Eucharist underlines the redemptive dimension of God who is present among his people and encourages them to full participation in Holy Mass. The most important motive for adoration is the real presence of Christ in the Most Blessed Sacrament. Solemn adoration of Christ in the Eucharist always has the theocentric, christological, ecclesiastical and eschatological dimension.
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Misterium Paschy Chrystusa

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PL
Misterium Paschy to tajemnica, której źródłem jest celebracja dwóch zasadniczych faktów w historii: Śmierci Jezusa Chrystusa na Krzyżu i Jego chwalebnego Zmartwychwstania. Poprzez ukazanie historycznej drogi rozwoju paschy nowotestamentowej: poczynając od paschy żydowskiej (starotestamentowej), następnie judeochrześcijańskiej czasów apostolskich, do dzisiejszej znanej w chrześcijaństwie prawosławnym, dostrzega się wzajemne powiązania i wpływ tych wydarzeń na obecną tradycję paschalną chrześcijaństwa wschodniego. Ewolucja święta Paschy i Wielkiego Postu odbywała się w ścisłym powiązaniu z Eucharystią, która stanowi najważniejszy moment celebracji świadomości paschalnej wiernych.
EN
The Mystery of the Christ’s Passover is a mystery, the source of which is the celebration of two essential facts in history: the Death of Jesus Christ on the Cross and his glorious Resurrection. By presenting the historical path of development of the Passover of the New Testament: from the Jewish Passover (of the Old Testament), then the Judeo-Christian apostolic times, to today's well-known in Orthodox Christianity recognizes the interrelationships and the impact of these events on the current Passover tradition of Eastern Christianity. Evolution of the Passover and Lent was made in close connection with the Eucharist, which is the most important moment of the celebration of the Paschal consciousness of the faithful.
EN
Eucharist, as the most important sacrament of the unity of the Church (sacramentum unitatis) is celebrated in unity with Christ, who governs his Church through the Pope and the bishops. The person and the office of the Pope constitute, in that perspective, the visible foundation of unity of faith and prayer, therefore the Bishop of Rome, “since he has the ministry of Peter in the Church, is associated with every celebration of the Eucharist, wherein he is named as the sign and servant of the unity of the universal Church” (CCC 1369).The commemoration of the Pope in the context of the Eucharistic celebration is included in the Mass Order pro Papa and is a constant element of the intercessiones of the Eucharist Prayers of the Missale Romanum of Paul VI and has its legitimate place in the prayer of the faithful. In this way, the participants in the Mass liturgy express the unity of faith and prayer in the community of the pilgrim Church, where cum Petro et sub Petro they desire to enter the Kingdom of Heaven, promised by Christ.
PL
Eucharystia jako najważniejszy sakrament jedności Kościoła (sacramentum unitatis) jest celebrowana w łączności z Chrystusem, który rządzi swoim Kościołem przez papieża i biskupów. Osoba i urząd papieża stanowi w tym względzie widzialny fundament jedności wiary i modlitwy, dlatego też biskup Rzymu „pełniący w Kościele posługę Piotra, jest zjednoczony z każdą celebracją Eucharystii i wymieniany w niej jako znak i sługa jedności Kościoła powszechnego” (KKK 1369).Modlitewna komemoracja osoby papieża w kontekście celebracji eucharystycznej obejmuje formularz mszalny pro Papa, jest stałym elementem intercessiones Modlitw eucharystycznych Missale Romanum Pawła VI oraz ma swoje uzasadnione miejsce podczas modlitwy powszechnej. W ten sposób uczestnicy liturgii mszalnej podkreślają jedność wiary i modlitwy we wspólnocie Kościoła pielgrzymującego, gdzie cum Petro et sub Petro pragną otrzymać obiecane przez Chrystusa królestwo nieba.
Teologia w Polsce
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2017
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vol. 11
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issue 2
65-94
EN
The study pertains to priesthood theology and is an analysis of Benedict’s XVI teaching included in Apostolic exhortation Sacramentum caritatis taking into account statements from XI Ordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops in the Vatican in 2005. The Pope’s theological consideration of the Eucharist appears as a response to the crisis which arose in the 20th century in the area of the theology of the Eucharist and priesthood. The conducted research shows that the theology of the Eucharist is fundamental to comprehend the theology of priesthood. The theological reflection on priests’ identity and mission is incomplete without ingraining it in the theology of the Eucharist. It is the theology of the Eucharist which paves the way to resolve priesthood crises both in the theological order and the history of particular priests’ lives.
PL
L’elaborato riguarda la teologia del sacerdozio e costituisce un’analisi della dottrina di Benedetto XVI racchiusa nell’Esortazione Apostolica Sacramentum caritatis, tenendo presente il discorso all’XI Assemblea Generale Ordinaria del Sinodo dei Vescovi del 2005 in Vaticano. Il pensiero teologico del Papa sull’Eucaristia si manifesta come risposta alla crisi sorta nel XX secolo sia nel campo della teologia dell’eucaristia, sia in quello della teologia del sacerdozio. Gli studi condotti mostrano la teologia dell’eucaristia come fondamentale per la comprensione della teologia del sacerdozio. La riflessione teologica sull’identità e sulla missione dei sacerdoti è incompleta se non si radica nella teologia dell’Eucaristia. Proprio la teologia dell’Eucaristia apre la strada verso il superamento delle crisi che riguardano il sacerdozio, sia nell’ordine teologico, sia nella storia della vita dei singoli sacerdoti.
EN
The Church’s penitential practice has been changing over the centuries and it assumed various forms. One of the interesting issues in this field is showing the attitudes assumed by the clergy and the faithful towards the Eucharist, and presenting the misuses that they could commit. The misuses concerned both the conditions one had to meet in order to properly celebrate the Holy Mass, the very celebration, and storing the Eucharist. In most penitentials it was stressed that the Holy Mass should be celebrated in one’s own community, and outside it – only with the bishop’s permission. It was also emphasized that a priest was allowed to celebrate a definite number of masses on a given day and on one altar (about five). It was impermissible for a priest to offer a Holy Mass for suicides or for persons who were sentenced to death. Priests had to take care of the proper form of celebration. According to penitential books it was a sin if a priest lost the corporal, if he celebrated the Mass while being intoxicated, or if he said the texts of the Mass -especially the Mass canon-carelessly. Medieval penitential books allow learning about the care with which the Eucharist was treated, and what misuses could be committed by the Christians of those times. Numerous canons presenting irregularities and the penances corresponding to them allow showing the timeless value and beauty of the Eucharist as the source and the peak in the life of the Church.
PL
Ksiądz Bosko jest uważany za nowoczesnego świętego, za wzór nowego typu kapłana-wychowawcy. Jego posłannictwo jest całkowicie społeczne, ponieważ był człowiekiem czynu, uważnym na potrzeby, jakie niesie życie. Jednakże ta cudowna działalność wypływała z miłości Bożej, która w nim płonęła, była wylaniem duchowego światła, które czerpał z obecności Bożej w swojej duszy. Dlatego Ksiądz Bosko nie uważał nigdy działania za zagrożenie dla życia duchowego: kiedy człowiek odpowiada na wołanie Pana poprzez całkowity dar z siebie, codzienna praca staje się modlitwą. Jego pracowitość brała początek ze spojrzenia z wiarą na ludzką historię, z głębokiego zrozumienia tajemnicy Odkupienia i z żywej świadomości misji powierzonej przez Boga kapłanom. Ta perspektywa pozwoliła mu utrzymać równowagę między niestrudzonym działaniem apostolskim, a wewnętrznym skupieniem. Miłość do Boga ożywiała jego gorliwość duszpasterską i dawała mu ten szczególny dar duchowej mądrości, który pozwolił mu wychowywać młodzież do życia Bożego w łasce i miłości. Potrafił sprawić, że w młodych rodziło się pragnienie świętości chrześcijańskiej, potrafił doprowadzić ich do komunii miłości z Bogiem i do wysokiego poziomu doskonałości cnót. Napięcie mistyczne stojące u podstaw jego duchowości nie oddalało go jednak od wymagań codzienności i od relacji międzyludzkich. Wzorując się na św. Franciszku Salezym, nalegał na dokładne i motywowane miłością wypełnianie obowiązków swojego stanu, na ascezę polegającą na pogodnym dostosowaniu się do rzeczywistości każdego dnia i na doniosłość apostolatu wśród kolegów. Jednocześnie potrafił nauczyć młodzież modlitwy „prostego zjednoczenia” i posłuszeństwa poruszeniom łaski, pokazując młodym, jak przełożyć je na życie bogate w cnoty i w dobre uczynki.
EN
Don Bosco has been classified as a modern saint, a model for a new type of priest-educator. His mission had an entirely social character, because he was a practical man, attentive to the needs of everyday life. Yet, his prodigious activity was coming out of the love of God, burning in him, and it was an effusion of spiritual light that he derived from God’s presence in his soul. That is why, Don Bosco never considered any activity as a threat to spiritual life: when one answers the call of the Lord with a total sacrifice of himself, everyday work becomes a prayer. Don Bosco’s industriousness originated in his perception of human history through the prism of the faith, in deep understanding of the mystery of the Redemption and in full awareness of the mission entrusted by God to priests. This perspective allowed him to maintain a balance between tireless apostolic activity and inner concentration. The love of God fuelled his pastoral zeal and gave him this particular gift of spiritual wisdom, that allowed him to educate the youth towards the life of grace and charity. He was able to inspire a desire for sanctity in the youth, to bring them into communion with the love of God and towards a high level of virtuous perfection. The mystic tension underlying his spirituality did not alienate him from the challenges of everyday life or relations with other people. Inspired by St. Francis de Sales, Don Bosco insisted on accurate and willing fulfillment of one’s duties according to one’s social role, on asceticism revealing itself in joyful adaptation to the reality of everyday life and on the understanding of the importance of the apostolate among one’s peers. At the same time, he taught the young a prayer of “simple union” and obedience to divine inspirations, showing them how to translate these into a life of virtue and good works.
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Eucharystia u Homera?

51%
Vox Patrum
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2018
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vol. 69
561-572
EN
The article attempts to answer the question: is it possible to represent the Last Supper of Jesus and His Apostles by means of verses selected from Homer’s Iliad and the Odyssey. The Homeric Cento no. 40, which emphasizes the community of Christ’s table with His disciples, has been a subject of my analysis. The specific selection of Homeric verses, with some minor modifications, allowed the centonist to construct a new text with a completely different context and content, reflecting both the reality of the Upper Room and the establishment of the Eucharist by Jesus.
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EN
The purpose of this paper was to show a justificatory aspect of the Eucharist. This sacrament has got positive and negative aspects. The Eucharist is a sacrament which leads to gradual justification through transformation of a whole human being into the resurrected Christ, which will be immortalized in the final kingdom in which the whole Christian life is included. This is a splendid synthesis of grace and cooperation of a human being, sacramental and ascetic life, liturgy and life, presence and future. The Eucharist continues the process of justification initiated by baptism. Therefore, it is a sacrament which in its repeatable character points out this healing effect of Christ on our nature, sick due to sin. The grace of justification is particularly received in the Eucharist. The sacrament of Baptism we take only once. We often receive the Eucharist because we often offend God. Looking for the grace of justification we are trying to expiate for our guilt, that is why we have to turn back and to overcome sin; those factors would not be effective in our fight against the sin, if we did not add the Eucharist, the only remedy for human evil.
EN
Rev. Prof. Jerzy Józef Kopeć CP showed immense interest in researching how the Council reform of liturgy was received by youth. Having developed his own research questionnaires, he launched a research project which allowed him to explore a variety of issues relating to the liturgical formation of youth. Making use of the method of liturgical paradigm, Rev. Prof. Kopeć ventured a vast analysis of the outcomes of the Council liturgical reform. The research primarily concerned education for active participation in the Holy Mass, for the accepting of the Sacrament of Confirmation and Matrimony. Research results helped create a network of ideas and problems relating to youth liturgical formation, leading to pastoral and liturgical conclusions that can find their practical application in parishes and dioceses of the whole country.
PL
Pośród zainteresowań naukowych ks. prof. Jerzego Józefa Kopcia CP szczególne miejsce zajęły badania dotyczące recepcji przez młodzież posoborowej odnowy liturgii. Na podstawie opracowanych przez siebie kwestionariuszy stworzył projekt badawczy, który za pomocą wystandaryzowanych narzędzi pozwalał na eksplorację zagadnień związanych z formacją liturgiczną. Odwołując się do metody paradygmatu liturgicznego, ks. Kopeć dokonał szerokiej analizy owoców posoborowej reformy. Podejmowane badania dotyczyły przede wszystkim formacji do czynnego udziału we Mszy Świętej, a także formacji do przyjęcia sakramentu bierzmowania oraz przygotowania do sakramentalnego małżeństwa. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły nie tylko na stworzenie swoistej mapy zagadnień dotyczących prowadzenia formacji liturgicznej w młodym pokoleniu, lecz także sformułowania wniosków pastoralno-liturgicznych możliwych do realizowania na poziomie parafii, diecezji czy całego kraju.
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The content of the article of the above title was developed and presented in three topics, di-vided into smaller sections. From each of these topics, the intention is to penetrate the various issues related to the occurrence and development of certain, often cultivated to this day, outside-of-Mass forms of Eucharistic piety. First, then, one points to the respect for the consecrated Eucharistic species, as well as the reasons for their retention after the Holy Mass and of the faithful taking the Eucharist into homes. In the second section, the article presents the circumstances of the coming into being, within the life of the Church, of the public worship of the Eucharist. While the third describes the public expressions of Eucharistic devotion that in appropriate circumstances came into existence in the Church and which are present still today.
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