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EN
Objectives: The identification and systematisation of the phenomenon of information asymmetry on the market in theory and practice, and anticipating the impact of this phenomenon on the market and socio-economic relations in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Research Design & Methods: Theoretical and cognitive studies, case studies, and inductive reasoning. Findings: In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the innovation and information sector determines changes in the direction, dynamics, and structure of socio-economic development, which means that information has become an independent resource of special value. In the face of changes, the asymmetry of information on the market will deepen. This is due to the growing gap between the exponential increase in knowledge and anti-knowledge, and the limited, constant perception of the human brain and human tendency to opportunism, which means that in the field of information processing, artificial intelligence will be winning against human intelligence. Against this background, new threats are emerging that require new knowledge, skills, and competences from market participants and the state. Implications / Recommendations: Solving the problem of information asymmetry is a common economic good that should be co-created by all sides of social, market, and public relations through regulatory and educational mechanisms. It is better to anticipate the cooperation of human intelligence with that of machines rather than engage in a conflict. The use of rich information resources, including the selection of irrelevant, manipulated, or false information will become a key skill of market participants, and the state should, through its tools, eliminate the negative effects of information asymmetry. Contribution / Value Added: The subjective evolution of approaches to the phenomenon of information asymmetry from classical economics to behavioural economics, the identification of the relationship between information asymmetry and moral hazard and their consequences, the exemplification of problems on the basis of positive economics in the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Article classification: theoretical and review article JEL classification: D82, D91, D81, B25, D01
EN
In the Fourth Industrial Revolution we already have robots, also there are such technologies as genetic sequencing and editing, artificial intelligence, miniaturized sensors, 3D printing and much more. Digital technologies are constantly being developed with new methods and have been implemented worldwide into various processes and automation systems. The article describes modern digitalization components and analyzes its possible threats. Along with an increase in life comfort, modern civilizations must face with cybercrimes based on data collection, including cyber thefts and hacker attacks. Globalization enables exchanging goods and services between countries of the world. It also gives a tool phishing and illegally access vulnerable information of global enterprises to compete unfairly. Although Big Data can be helpful among organizations, it can also be a mark of the inevitable danger worldwide.
EN
Organizational pathologies are amongst key issues raised when considering the impact of intra-organisational conditions on corporate performance. Researchers are interested mainly in behaviours and mechanisms that are dysfunctional, ineffective, destructive, or destabilising and exhibit sufficient intensity to be viewed as ”pathological”. In the age of the 4th industrial revolution, which gradually forces enterprises to use advanced machinery and technologies, as well as to integrate them with people into a cyber-physical reality, we can observe a number of internal phenomena that inhibit the transformation. Such limitations may take the form of a lasting “fear” bearing features typical of organizational pathologies. Based on the analysis of results of desk studies, the paper attempts to conceptualise technophobia by pointing to its multi-aspect complexity, as well as its meaning for strategic choices made by enterprises.
PL
Jednym z kluczowych zagadnień poruszanych w rozważaniach na temat wewnętrznych uwarunkowań funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw są patologie organizacyjne. W obszarze zainteresowania badaczy szczególnie widoczne są zachowania i mechanizmy dysfunkcyjne, nieefektywne, destrukcyjne oraz destabilizujące, obserwowane w stopniu, który można uznać za „patologiczny”. W dobie czwartej rewolucji przemysłowej, która stopniowo wymusza na przedsiębiorstwach wdrożenie zaawansowanych maszyn i technologii oraz ich integrację z ludźmi, tworząc cyberfizyczną rzeczywistość, zauważalnych jest wiele zjawisk wewnętrznych, utrudniających przejście przez proces transformacji. Ograniczenia te mogą przyjmować charakter trwałego „lęku”, mającego cechy charakterystyczne dla patologii organizacyjnych. W artykule, na podstawie analizy wyników badań wtórnych, podjęto próbę konceptualizacji lęku technologicznego, wskazując na jego wieloaspektowość oraz złożoność, a także znaczenie dla wyborów strategicznych przedsiębiorstw.
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