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Theorhetoric, sacred topography, and cultural memory: the Jesuit contributions to the myth of Jaroslav of Sternberg (1655-1747)

100%

Trenta A.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2022

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vol. 37

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issue 2

197-227

EN

For the Jesuits, history was an inquiry into the past primarily aimed at discovering traces of divine manifestation. Wherever they set foot, they read the local past through theological lenses, producing fascinating historical narratives and employing them for pedagogical, devotional, and even legal purposes. An enlightening case study of this Jesuit approach to the past is the legendary episode of the nobleman Jaroslav of Sternberg and his heroic defence of Olomouc against the Tatars in 1241. From 1655 onwards, the Jesuits started contributing to this myth (circulating approx. from the mid-14th century). The first Jesuit enriching the Sternberg myth was Bohuslav Balbín, who transformed this event into the founding memory of the Olomouc Jesuit church. The rationale for this innovation was the ongoing dispute with the Conventuals over the jurisdiction of the same church, where the Jesuits used the Sternberg myth as legal argumentation. In 1661, Jan Tanner devised another version, modelled after the genre of sacred topography and influenced by the Habsburg pietas eucharistica, associating the myth with the Olomouc Corpus Christi chapel and the Eucharistic mystery. Later, when Ottoman and Tatar marauders brutally attacked Moravia in 1663, the Jesuits linked the mythical 1241 Tatar invasion to the pilgrimage sites of Hostýn and Kotouč, making them extremely popular. Due to their constant medial and ritual repetition, the Jesuit contributions to the Sternberg myth (summed up in a canonical form by Johannes Schmidl in 1747) gradually became part of the Bohemian and Moravian cultural memory, remarkably influential to be copied and modified even by the Conventuals. The Jesuit suppression in 1773 did not constitute the end of the Sternberg myth: eventually, it remerged, playing a significant role in the Czech national revival.

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Bydgoski epizod w życiu Stanisława Leszczyńskiego – wokół ucieczki króla do Gdańska we wrześniu 1733 roku

72%

Dygdała J.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2014

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vol. 79

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issue 2

73-95

EN

The issue of the quick escape of the newly elected king Stanisław Leszczyński from Warsaw to Gdańsk has never been a subject of thorough monographic research. This results from a lack of basic source information. More information referring to the king’s escape and his stay in Bydgoszcz may be found only in handwritten newspapers from the period – hitherto not explored by historians – and the Warsaw printed paper Kuryer Polski. When Stanisław Leszczyński had been elected King of Poland (12 September 1733), it turned out that Russian troops were approaching Warsaw with the intention of dethroning him. The monarch followed the advice of the French ambassador Antoine-Felix de Monti and decided to leave for Gdańsk to await help as promised by the French. Stanisław, along with a small entourage escorted by 60 reiters, left Warsaw in the late afternoon of 22 September 1733 and in the evening of 27 September he arrived in Bydgoszcz. He spent two nights in the house belonging to Zofia Anna Gałecka (the daughter of the governor of Poznań). In the morning of 28 September he participated in a mass in the Jesuit church where he was welcomed by the rector of the Jesuit college Tomasz Lichtański. In the morning of 29 September he left Bydgoszcz and on 2 October 1733 he arrived in Gdańsk. The king and his entourage were quite optimistic and relied on the help of France, Sweden and Turkey. In the meantime, on 5 October, under the cloak of the Russian army, another Polish king was elected – the Saxon elector August III.

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Biblioteka kolegium jezuitów w Lublinie i jej losy

72%

Dymmel A., Dymmel P.

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

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2018

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vol. 109

135-168

EN

The Library of the Jesuit College in Lublin was established in 1584. The collection successively increased thanks to gifts, purchases, Jesuit works and publications from its own printing house. At the time of the dissolution of the order, it included 5.000-7.000 works. It was one of the largest Jesuit libraries in Poland. It contained theological, philosophical, historical, mathematical, political, legal and medical works; school textbooks; polemical treatises; collections of sermons and talks. There were various types of libraries in the college of Lublin. The most important one, available to monks, was a home library (also called a common library). In addition, there were libraries and book collections related to different offices and functions; they were called special or specialized. There were at least 12 special libraries in Lublin. At first, the Library of the Lublin Jesuits was not particularly distinguished from other religious houses. However, in the middle of the 18th century, the common library hall was renovated and decorated. Thanks to this, it acquired a decorative character, arousing the admiration of visitors. The book collection was probably also arranged in subject sections. Unfortunately, the old catalogues have not survived, and we know about their existence from bookplates. After the dissolution of the Jesuits, the Library of Lublin did not attract much interest, although the Commission of National Education decided that the collection should be transferred to school libraries. Both the building of the library and the collection gradually deteriorated. However, some books of the collection (probably around 500) were placed in the library of the primary school established in the former Jesuit College. In 1919, the collection of the Jesuit Library was donated to Hieronim Łopaciński Library, although it was not transferred there until after World War II. Currently, according to the catalogue, in the special collections of the Provincial Library, there are 94 books from the Jesuit Library. A large part of the collection – about 3.000 volumes – was deposited in the cathedral, and at the time of transferring Bobolanum to Lublin in the interwar period, it was incorporated into the Bobolanum Library.

PL

Biblioteka kolegium jezuitów w Lublinie powstała w 1584 r. Sukcesywnie powiększana darami, zakupami, twórczością jezuitów i produkcją własnej drukarni liczyła w chwili kasaty zakonu 5.000-7.000 dzieł. Należała do grupy największych bibliotek jezuickich w Polsce. Znajdowały się w niej dzieła teologiczne, filozoficzne, historyczne, matematyczne, ponadto polityczne, prawne, do nauki szkolnej, medyczne, traktaty polemiczne, zbiory kazań i mów. W kolegium lubelskim działały różne rodzaje bibliotek. Najważniejszą, dostępna dla braci zakonnych, była biblioteka domowa, zwana też wspólną. Oprócz niej istniały biblioteki i księgozbiory związane z pełnieniem urzędów i funkcji, zwane specjalnymi lub specjalistycznymi. Można stwierdzić, ze w Lublinie było co najmniej 12 bibliotek specjalnych. Do połowy XVIII w. biblioteka jezuitów lubelskich specjalnie się nie wyróżniała spośród innych domów zakonnych dopiero w połowie tego stulecia została odnowiona i ozdobiona sala biblioteki wspólnej. Dzięki temu nabrała ozdobnego charakteru, wzbudzając tym podziw oglądających. Uporządkowano też zapewne księgozbiór w ramach działów przedmiotowych. Niestety nie zachowały się dawne katalogi, o istnieniu których wiadomo z not własnościowych. Po kasacie zakonu jezuitów lubelska biblioteka nie wzbudzała większego zainteresowania, chociaż decyzją KEN powinna zasilić księgozbiory szkolne. Powolnej degradacji ulegał budynek biblioteki, księgozbiór, jako mało przydatny pozostawał w nieładzie. Jednak część zbiorów (prawdopodobnie ok. 500 książek) znalazło się w bibliotece szkoły powstałej w miejsce kolegium jezuickiego i dzieliło losy szkolnego księgozbioru. W 1919 r. księgozbiór po gimnazjum lubelskim przekazany został do biblioteki im. Hieronima Łopacińskiego, chociaż faktycznie trafił tam dopiero po II wojnie światowej. Obecnie według katalogu w zbiorach specjalnych Biblioteki Wojewódzkiej znajdują się 94 druki pochodzące z biblioteki pojezuickiej. Znaczna część zbiorów, bo ok. 3000 tomów została złożona w katedrze i w chwili przeniesienia Bobolanum do Lublina w okresie międzywojennym została włączona do jej biblioteki.

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1 Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

1 Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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1 Dymmel P.

1 Trenta A.

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Theorhetoric, sacred topography, and cultural memory: the Jesuit contributions to the myth of Jaroslav of Sternberg (1655-1747)

Bydgoski epizod w życiu Stanisława Leszczyńskiego – wokół ucieczki króla do Gdańska we wrześniu 1733 roku

Biblioteka kolegium jezuitów w Lublinie i jej losy