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This article entitled „On the Thinking and Feeling in Polish” is an essay, a literary– scientific form of presenting the author`s view on Polish mentality. The author analyzed first the sphere of thought, and then he passed to the voluntarily – emotional sphere and finally he describes the patriotism of the Poles. His opinions are based on the characteristics of deep-rooted in the „Polish soul”, and repeatedly expressed in many ways in the area of Polish history and culture. Both in structure and in this matter, the author refers to the presentation of the „essential content of Polish thinking and feeling” by Fr. prof. Stanislaus Olejnik – nestor of the polish moral theologians. This article „On the Thinking and Feeling in Polish” is both a voice in the still ongoing discussion about „the Poles own portrait”.
EN
The article is an attempt to analyse relations between Polish Jews, the country of their first inhabitancy along with their Polish fellow citizens. It is an extremely complicated matter, because such relations are influenced by their fondness for the lost homeland and resentment felt towards the Poles. The selected poems of the authors, representing different generations, are analysed in the article. They reveal the whole variety of personal experiences and sentiments in a more emotive way than the works of prose. The article consists of two parts entitled: The image of sentiment and The image of resentment. They are based on the poetry of Irit Amiel, Łucja Gliksman, Renata Jabłońska, Szlomo Leser, Aleksander Rozenfeld, Jael Shalitt and Aviva Shavit-Władkowska.
EN
Sociolinguistic situation of Poles in BukovinaIn the present article the author presented the sociolinguistic situation of Poles in Bukovina. She paid attention to the group of Bukovina mountaineers who stayed in Bukovina after the repatriation in 1945 and those who currently inhabit the so called Western Lands. The Poles in Bukovina were not a homogenous group. The Polish population settling in Bukovina since the 18th century was of a different place of origin. We need to distinguish three basic groups: newcomers from Galicia, Lesser Poland and from the region of Cadca in Slovakia. This resulted in using three variations of the Polish language in this area.The following domains of language usage have been distinguished for the description of the Polish mountaineers in Bukovina and so called Western Lands: family, neighbourhood, church, school, offices.The author highlights that there should be a sociolinguistic research of all the Bukovina mountaineers in Poland in comparison with studies which have discussed this group in Bukovina so far. Apart from problems regarding linguistic interference, shifting codes, the theory of bilingualism and diglossia such research should include extralinguistic conditions, e.g. origin, age, education, profession, departures.  Cоциолингвистическая ситуация поляков в БуковинеВ статье представлена социолингвистическая ситуация поляков, проживающих в Буковине. Особое внимание обращено на группу граждан не эвакуирующуюся в Польшу в 1945 году и оставшуюся на постоянное жительство вне родины. Те, кто покинул Буковину и переехал в Польшу, поселились на западных польских территориях. Буковинские поляки–горцы не составляли однородной группы. Польские поселенцы, прибывающие в Буковину, начиная с XVIII столетия, были выходцами из разных районов Польши: прибыли из Галиции, Малой Польши, и чадецкого района Словакии. Cледовательнo они разговаривали на разных диалектах. Oбcyждалось употребление данной разновидности языка в следующих областях: семья, соседи, церковь, школа, правительственные организации.Автор статьи обращает внимание на необходимость сравнительных социолингвистических исследований всех групп польских буковинских горцев с группой, проживающей с 1945 года в Польше.
EN
In nearly every modern society, patriotism, as a form of love related to one’s homeland, possesses its own specific semantic colours. This is so due to historical and cultural differences between nations. In recent debates about the condition of patriotism in Poland as well as political disputes, patriotism is often mentioned as, alongside with others, a civilian virtue. According to various research on public opinions, patriotism is recognised as one of the most distinctive characteristics of the Poles (beside religiousness and resourcefulness). It is a virtue as well as an attitude which Poles manifest in various ways (from the so-called “football” patriotism to simple daily work solidly done with honesty and diligence for the good of one’s homeland). This paper presents a conception of patriotism from the Catholic Social Teaching viewpoint. This teaching, taking into account both Divine Revelation and past experiences of mankind (the socalled “hermeneutical arch” of Moral Theology, perceives the phenomenon of patriotism in a wider context such as nation, homeland, country and international community). The Church insists on upbringing and education of love towards one’s homeland, while distances its teaching clearly and decisively from racial prejudice and hypernationalism (cf. Ad Gentes, 15).
EN
The article presents The East Prussia plebiscite, known also as Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle plebiscite and its course from the viewpoint of the “Kurier Poznański” newspaper. It was a daily paper, which presented the National League’s program. The newspaper approved of struggling for incorporation of Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle to the Second Polish Republic and criticised the German attacks on the Poles.
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POSTAWY PRZEDSIĘBIORCZE POLAKÓW W WIEKU 50+

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EN
The paper assesses the potential of entrepreneurial Poles aged 50+, while the control group was adopted adult population of Poles under the age of 50 years. The results of tests for diagnosing entrepreneurial attitudes and actions of the elderly. The basis of the empirical analysis are presented nationwide survey carried out by the Public Opinion Research Center on behalf of the University of Lodz in the framework of the grant on. “Entrepreneurship Poles – social and spatial aspect”. Diagnosis of the entrepreneurial potential of older Poles who, due to certain demographic processes are a special group, not only in the labor market, but in many other areas, may constitute an important source of information for those involved in implementing the concept of active aging.
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W artykule dokonano oceny potencjału przedsiębiorczego Polaków w wieku 50+, przy czym jako grupę porównawczą przyjęto populację dorosłych Polaków w wieku poniżej 50 lat. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań diagnozujących postawy i dzi­ałania przedsiębiorcze osób starszych. Podstawę empiryczną prezentowanych analiz stanowią badania ogólnopolskie zrealizowane przez Centrum Badań Opinii Społecznej na zlecenie Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego w ramach grantu nt. „Przedsiębiorczość Polaków — aspekt społeczny i przestrzenny”. Diagnoza potencjału przedsiębiorczego starszych Polaków, którzy ze względu na określone procesy demograficzne stanowią szczególną grupę nie tylko na rynku pracy, ale w wielu innych sferach, stanowić może istotne źródło wiedzy dla osób zajmujących się wdrażaniem koncepcji aktywnego starzenia się.
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