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Sztuka umierania w romantyzmie

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EN
Romanticism was an epoch which the problem of death played one of the crucial role in. A vast array of different scientific approaches as well as hermeneutics of Romantic literature seems therefore to be a natural outcome. The following paper – leaving the modern methodologies on the motif of Thanatos in Romanticism aside – is an attempt to look closer at the phenomenon of death and dying from the ever-present perspective of Ars moriendi (The Art of Dying).
PL
Romantyzm jest epoką, w której problematyka śmierci stanowi jeden z centralnych kręgów problemowych. Stąd też wielość propozycji badawczych i romantologicznych hermeneutyk badawczych skupionych wokół tego tematu. Niniejszy tekst abstrahuje od współczesnych metodologii badawczych poświęconych romantycznemu dyskursowi tanatycznemu i stanowi propozycję badawczą, by spojrzeć, jak żywotna w romantyzmie była „sztuka umierania”, której tradycje sięgają od starożytności aż po wiek XIX.
EN
At the end of the 20 century, after a few decades of oblivion, the thought of George Santayana (1863–1952), a major figure of the so-called Golden Age of American Philosophy, reappeared as subject of academic interest. It is believed that Santayana’s originality within the intellectual milieu of the dominant at that time in Anglo-Saxon context pragmatist and analytical thought contributed to this delayed reception. This text, being part of a broader project, looks at the concept of „the self” emerging from Santayana’s work, with particular emphasis on its temporal intricacies. Interpretative movement, which according to my thesis is a requirement posited by life itself, provides for subjective unity and is expressed by the recurrent term of „mask” as a trace of human existence. The idea of playing out one’s facticity implies the question „how?”, which in turn justifies the use of an aesthetic concept of „grace” which may be linked with the idea of authentic existence. The juxtaposition with elements of Heidegger’s philosophy, which is a novelty in research, throws some light on Santayana’s fascination with German thinker and allows to highlight the hermeneutic-existential side of his thought, which has been underestimated by scholarship so far.
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