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Prezydenckie orędzia do izb parlamentu w rozwiązaniach konstytucyjnych i praktyce politycznej Francji

100%

JAKUBIAK Ł.

Przegląd Sejmowy

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2020

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issue 6(161)

69-98

EN

The article is devoted to the presidential messages addressed to the chambers of parliament within the French political system. On the threshold of the Third Republic, the then regulations banned the President from speaking in parliament and this was also maintained under the constitutions of the Fourth and Fifth Republics. As a consequence, the presidential messages had to be read by the Presidents of the National Assembly and of the Senate. The constitutional changes introduced in 2008 created the opportunity to appear in person before the chambers of parliament assembled as Congress. This amendment has affected the practice of applying Article 18 of the 1958 Constitution, which currently regulates both forms of presidential messages. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of the 2008 amendment on the French presidency, as well as to analyze the practice of formulating messages by successive presidents of the Fifth Republic, in order to identify the basic similarities and differences between them. The wider institutional context is no less important in this respect. One of its components is the significantly strengthened position of the French head of state, compared to the Third and Fourth Republics. The latter feature of the existing system of government seems to considerably affect the presidential messages formulated from the beginning of Charles de Gaulle’s presidency until now.

2

The Specificity of Presidential Systems of Government in Francophone African Countries

72%

Jakubiak Ł.

Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego

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2017

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issue 6 (40)

49-69

EN

The paper deals with distinguishing features of presidential systems of government adopted in the current or former constitutions of some Francophone African countries, such as Benin, Djibouti, Ivory Coast or the Republic of Congo. Particular attention has been devoted to the internal structure of the executive branch of government (the existence of the prime minister as a separate body) as well as to the reception of diverse mechanisms of rationalised parliamentarianism created previously in the constitution of the French Fifth Republic. The dynamics of constitutional changes leading to the adoption of presidentialism in place of semi-presidentialism and vice versa in such countries as Niger or Senegal has also been taken into account. In the light of the findings, it can be stated that the specific properties of presidentialism in Francophone Africa prove its apparent distinctness from certain typical assumptions of this model.

PL

Artykuł omawia wyróżniające cechy prezydenckich systemów rządów przyjmowanych w obowiązujących lub wcześniejszych konstytucjach niektórych frankofońskich państw afrykańskich, takich jak Benin, Dżibuti, Wybrzeże Kości Słoniowej czy Republika Kongo. Szczególna uwaga została poświęcona wewnętrznej strukturze władzy wykonawczej (występowanie premiera jako odrębnego organu), jak również recepcji różnych mechanizmów parlamentaryzmu zracjonalizowanego ustanowionych uprzednio w konstytucji V Republiki Francuskiej. Uwzględniona została również dynamika zmian konstytucyjnych prowadząca do przyjmowania, w państwach takich jak Niger czy Senegal, prezydencjalizmu w miejsce semiprezydencjalizmu i odwrotnie. Na podstawie dokonanych ustaleń, można stwierdzić, że specyficzne właściwości prezydencjalizmu w Afryce frankofońskiej dowodzą jego ewidentnej odmienności od niektórych typowych założeń tego modelu.

3

Zrzeczenie się obywatelstwa polskiego w kontekście konstytucyjnego obowiązku solidarności z innymi

51%

Kowalski G.

Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL

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2006

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vol. 2

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issue 1 Prawo

115-128

EN

The mutuality of rights and duties of individual and state, resulting from citizenship, is strengthened by constitutional rule of social solidarity which forms one of the bases of Polish political system. Loss of citizenship entails consequences for individual as well as the state, a citizen of which he is. Therefore, waiving of Polish citizenship depends on both the citizen's decision and President's assent, that is supreme representative of state who represents the state in both foreign and domestic relations. The reason why President assents to waiving of citizenship is that the rule of social solidarity says about the relation between the individual and the society and consequently the state which is formed by the society. If citizenship and social solidarity mean definite bonds between the individual and the state – a citizen of which he is – the President, as the supreme representative (the head of state) should assent to break the bonds. There is not complete freedom of President's assent, though. This is so because making the decision, the President should take into account constitutional regulations concerning both the human freedom (his constitutional right to decide about his own life) and social solidarity (constitutional duties resulting from living in a society). Taking the above into consideration, the President ought to make a decision based on conflicted interests carefully balanced (on the one hand particularistic interest of individual and public interest on the other hand).

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1 Kowalski G.

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Prezydenckie orędzia do izb parlamentu w rozwiązaniach konstytucyjnych i praktyce politycznej Francji

The Specificity of Presidential Systems of Government in Francophone African Countries

Zrzeczenie się obywatelstwa polskiego w kontekście konstytucyjnego obowiązku solidarności z innymi