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  1. 2 Krasucki E.

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„W świetle uchwał XX Zjazdu...” Szczecińskie echa moskiewskich wydarzeń z lutego 1956 roku, część I

100%
Krasucki E.
Zapiski Historyczne
|
2012
|
vol. 77
|
issue 4
139-160
EN
“The Khrushchev Thaw” entailing a possibility of changes in politics, started soon after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. However, the real breakthrough was the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, during which, at a closed meeting, Nikita Khrushchev gave a speech devoted to the cult of personality (Stalin) and its tragic effects. The disclosure of crimes committed by the dead dictator – first only those which concerned the party machine and the state – gave rise to a discussion in which participated millions of citizens of the Soviet Union. The same situation took place in Poland, where the symptoms of the political change could be observed for a few months, particularly in the field of culture. The speech of Khrushchev caused that in the discussion there appeared new, undesirable (from the point of view of the authorities) elements. The monolith of power started to crumble, and in its cracks one could notice a game of various intentions and interests. This occurred both in Warsaw and in the provinces. However, beyond Warsaw the changes took place more slowly and had a somewhat different dynamics. Szczecin is an interesting example of the influence of the Moscow events of February 1956 on the debate and the distribution of power in local party structures.
2

„W świetle uchwał XX Zjazdu...” Szczecińskie echa moskiewskich wydarzeń z lutego 1956 roku, część II

86%
Krasucki E.
Zapiski Historyczne
|
2013
|
vol. 78
|
issue 1
47-71
EN
The first information concerning the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were of ritual nature and did not diff er from the standards hitherto used. It seemed that it would take a long time before the metaphorical thaw took place there. While in Warsaw the change could be already felt, in Szczecin old propaganda patterns were employed, which can be seen on the example of the creation of the weekly magazine "Ziemia i Morze” – a periodical which later became the vital symbol of the local change. Within several weeks the original lack of debates and references to Khrushchev’s speech was transformed into a brave discussion about the “Secret Speech”, the political system and events of the previous decade. Representatives of the local intelligentsia – academics, journalists, but also common workers played an enormous part in the debate. The lethargy of the last few years quickly disappeared. There appeared bold texts printed also in the official party newspaper which contradicted the expectations of the confused local authorities. In the attitude of the representatives of the authorities one could feel a game of various interests, but conservatism and a fear of radical change prevailed. There were hardly any signs of what was to happen in October 1956.
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