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EN
The author analyses and compares the normative approaches to the participation of the suspected and victim in proceedings for using preventive measures in criminal procedure. While comparing regulations within the scope of his interest published in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the year 1928, 1969, and 1997, the author emphasizes the necessity of undertaking analyses through the prism of regulations included in Mental Health Act. He also indicates the necessity to protect the rights of the suspected and victim not only during the preparatory proceedings, but most of all during the proceedings for using preventive measures. He points to the fact that the prosecuted person, who has been charged with a crime, ought to be a subject to special protection stemming from his or her state of mental health. He postulates that in the course of pre-trial hearing lead in accordance with Article 354 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the participation of the parties – including the suspected person – should be treated as a rule, and only in exceptional cases the absence of the suspected with mental illness should be allowed. The author assesses negatively the regulation included in Article 354 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which allows for using preventive measures against the suspected person even when a court appointed psychiatrists claim that his or her participation in proceedings is unnecessary. He compares this regulation to the operations of “kangaroo courts”.
EN
The article focuses on the comparison of the personal scope of the right to defence specified in Art. 42 sec. 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and regulated in article 6 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal indicates the need to extend the right of defence to any person against whom the authority undertakes prosecution, while article 6 CCP grants this right only to the suspect and the accused. The article draws attention to the situation of a suspected person who has not yet been charged. Doubts as to the scope of the right to defence relate to the statements made by this person both during the hearing (of the detained person) and during the interrogation as a witness. An analysis of all rights and obligations of this person from the constitutional point of view exceeds the scope of this study.
PL
Artykuł koncentruje się na porównaniu podmiotowego zakresu prawa do obrony określonego w art. 42 ust. 2 Konstytucji i wynikającego z art. 6 Kodeksu postępowania karnego. Orzecznictwo TK wskazuje na konieczność objęcia prawem do obrony każdej osoby, przeciwko której organ podejmuje ściganie, podczas gdy art. 6 k.p.k. przyznaje to prawo dopiero podejrzanemu i oskarżonemu. W artykule zwrócono uwagę przede wszystkim na sytuację osoby podejrzanej, której nie przedstawiono jeszcze zarzutów. Wątpliwości co do zakresu prawa do obrony tej osoby dotyczą głównie składanych przez nią oświadczeń, zarówno w związku z zatrzymaniem w czasie wysłuchania (zatrzymanego), jak i przesłuchania osoby podejrzanej w charakterze świadka. Analiza wszystkich praw i obowiązków osoby podejrzanej z punktu widzenia konstytucyjnego przekracza ramy niniejszego opracowania, zarysowano więc najważniejsze problemy oraz wskazano na możliwość prokonstytucyjnej wykładni prawa oraz potrzebę rozważenia ingerencji ustawodawcy.
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