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1
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List do Związku Artystów Scen Polskich w Warszawie

100%
Piłsudski J.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
|
2018
|
issue 3(267)
5-6
EN
In a letter to an association of Polish theatre creators at the time of war against the Bolshevist Russia, Chief of State Józef Piłsudski thanks for the funds collected for the army as a result of a fundraiser called “The Christmas for the Polish Soldier.” Piłsudski stresses out that the fundraiser makes the fighting soldier feel that “the homeland loves and remembers him.” For the money raised, one could then buy 14 tons of dark bread (35 thousand one-pound loafs).
2
Content available remote

Mitologizacje, ceremonie, apoteozy. Piłsudski i Legiony w teatrze krakowskim

88%
Poskuta-Włodek D.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
|
2018
|
issue 3(267)
50-76
EN
Cracow theatre played a special part in the Polish ritual of passage from subjugation to independence in 1918 and soon became an object of intense mythologizing itself. Its origins can be traced back to the premieres of Polish Romantic theatre staged in Cracow and the influence exerted by Stanisław Wyspiański who used the language of myths and the symbolism of remnants, being also a deconstructivist who redefined the dominant tropes, legends, and symbols of his time. When there was a need to create new myths at the time of building the Second Polish Republic, Wyspiański and the Romantics provided the inspiration as well. The legend of Józef Piłsudski as the national saviour and the myth of “holly” Legions became key ingredients of the new narrative. The article describes how they functioned in the Cracow theatre until the outbreak of the Second World War. Piłsudski was fashioned to be the new “Spirit King” from the Król-Duch poem by Słowacki and the new Konrad from Mickiewicz’s Dziady (‘Forefathers Eve’) and Wyspiański’s Wyzwolenie (‘Liberation’). The process of mythologizing, which intensified after the coup in May 1926, spread all over town, and all over the country, taking over public emotions and public spaces to celebrate Piłsudski and the Legions in great public performances. The burial of Juliusz Słowacki’s remains, brought over from France to be interred in the Wawel Cathedral, and then the monumental funeral of Piłsudski where a similar rite was observed served the same mythologizing purpose. The last event of this kind was a monumental outdoor staging of Hymn na cześć oręża polskiego (‘A Hymn to the Polish Armed Forces’) by Ludwik Hieronim Morstin at the Wawel Castle in August 1939. The three performances froze historical time, as it were, turning it into a cyclic funerary ritual and holiday.
3
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„Lepiej, gdy oczy zobaczą”. Obchody święta niepodległości w szkołach II Rzeczypospolitej

88%
Buczek K.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
|
2018
|
issue 3(267)
169-204
EN
The Independence Day was one of the most important state holidays in the Second Polish Republic. The celebration of the tenth anniversary of regaining independence in 1928 was preceded with special preparations; it is then that Przegląd Oświatowy published a list of suggested celebration scenarios which included not only holy masses, lectures, and public speeches but also spectacles with tableaux vivants. The proposition, by prescribing the way to celebrate, did not work too well in schools, and in grammar schools in particular. The article discusses other propositions for spectacles suggested at the time that were better suited for younger children, as they often took on the form of a fairy tale. The convention made it easier for the seven- or eight-year-old viewers to understand the difficult issues of national subjugation, fight for freedom and independence.
4
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Osterwa po wojnie albo Pięknosłużca w Polsce Ludowej

88%
Cymerman J.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
|
2020
|
issue 2(274)
179-204
EN
The article discusses Juliusz Osterwa’s activity between 1944 and 1947. The author describes Osterwa’s social and artistic stance towards the new reality and his role in rebuilding Polish theatre after the war. It also addresses his complicated relations with the communist authorities; it is argued that they escape any clear-cut categorisation or evaluation. The article focuses mainly on Osterwa’s stage productions from this period: Stefan Żeromski’s Uciekła mi przepióreczka [My Quail Has Fled] (1945) in Kraków, Juliusz Słowacki's Fantazy in Łódź (1945), Słowacki’s Lilla Weneda (1946) and Kazimierz Korcelli’s Papuga [Parrot] (1946) in Warsaw, and finally Fantazy in Kraków (1946), Osterwa’s last stage performance. Based on the critical reception of these productions in the Polish press, the author reconstructs the picture of the hopes and tensions accompanying the post-war activity of the outstanding actor, director and educator in his final years. Osterwa’s plans that remained unrealised due to his terminal illness are also mentioned. (Transl. Z. Ziemann)
5
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Na drodze do Marca – szczecińskie Dziady 1966

75%
Makaruk M.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
|
2019
|
issue 1(269)
38-54
EN
The paper concerns the production of Forefathers’ Eve, directed by Jan Maciejowski at the Współczesny Theatre in Szczecin in 1966. Maciejowski's Forefathers’ Eve – contrary to the philological and stage tradition – was arranged in order according to Mickiewicz's numbering of its parts, and the interpretational emphasis of the drama was put on the final Fourth Part, in which Gustaw-Konrad settled a score with the Priest, his former teacher. The Szczecin Forefathers’ Eve was a generational experience: Maciejowski’s work posed the questions that were fundamental for the generation whose formative experiences were both the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 and the Polish October of 1956. Stanisław Bąkowski's stage design left no room for doubt: Forefathers’ Eve was set in the underground sewers of the Uprising. The metaphor of the sewer, used in the film by Andrzej Wajda less than a decade before, took on new meanings in Maciejowski's production. Wajda intended the sewage canal to be a figure of a dead end, which was becoming painfully relevant in the political realities of the time. The production, though appreciated by the critics and the audience, was neglected and marginalised in the official circulation of the PRL culture. Maciejowski, who directed both Forefathers’ Eve and – two years later – Stanisław Wyspiański’s Liberation, paid the price for his work when he lost his position of the Head of the Szczecin theatres. The paper includes a reconstruction of the course of the production, while analyzing its themes and meanings in the context of the upcoming political crisis of 1968.
6
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Władza i teatr. Wokół Dziadów i Marca ‘68

75%
Raszewska M.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
|
2018
|
issue 1-2(265-266)
59-82
EN
The author discusses three theatre seasons (1966/67–1968/69) focusing on events that bear on the strained political situation following the taking Kazimierz Dejmek’s production of Mickiewicz’s Dziady (Forefathers Eve) off the stage of the Narodowy Theatre. Political turmoil abroad (the Six Day War, the Prague Spring, etc.) put censors and government officials of all levels on their toes. Insofar as the events taking place in Warsaw are well known (though the specifics of censoring Po górach, po chmurach (‘Over the Mountains and over the Clouds’) by Bryll at the Współczesny Theatre are discussed for the first time here), we still know little about the situation outside the capital, and the things going on there were sometimes astounding. For the purposes of this article, Jan Maciejowski has recounted the story of his “leaving” of Szczecin and “not taking over” the management of the Stary Theatre, which was never mentioned anywhere. The article also brings a detailed account of the scandal surrounding the production of Kurdesz (‘The Old Drinking Song’) by Bryll at the Stary Theatre, which led to Hübner’s resignation. The author presents a handful of less known facts surrounding the “Forefathers Eve affair.” She does not purport to make any general statements nor does she offer any definitive diagnosis; the point is rather to convey the atmosphere, the specific and characteristic mixture of terror and fear, stupidity and eagerness, cynicism, paranoia, gossips, conjectures, and helplessness.
7
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Content available

Lepiej, gdy oczy zobaczą: Obchody święta niepodległości w szkołach II Rzeczypospolitej

63%
Buczek K.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
|
2018
|
vol. 67
|
issue 3
169-204
EN
The Independence Day was one of the most important state holidays in the Second Polish Republic. The celebration of the tenth anniversary of regaining independence in 1928 was preceded with special preparations; it is then that "Przegląd Oświatowy" published a list of suggested celebration scenarios which included not only holy masses, lectures, and public speeches but also spectacles with tableaux vivants. The proposition, by prescribing the way to celebrate, did not work too well in schools, and in grammar schools in particular. The article discusses other propositions for spectacles suggested at the time that were better suited for younger children, as they often took on the form of a fairy tale. The convention made it easier for the seven- or eight-year-old viewers to understand the difficult issues of national subjugation, fight for freedom and independence.
PL
Obchody rocznicy odzyskania przez Polskę niepodległości należały do najważniejszych świąt państwowych w II Rzeczypospolitej. Szczególnie starannie przygotowywano się do uczczenia dziesiątej rocznicy w 1928, wtedy też „Przegląd Oświatowy” opublikował propozycję sposobów organizowania uroczystości, w której oprócz nabożeństw, wykładów i prelekcji znalazły się widowiska ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem żywych obrazów. Projekt ten, wyznaczając sposób świętowania, niestety niezbyt dobrze sprawdzał się w szkołach, a zwłaszcza powszechnych. W artykule przedstawione zostały publikowane wówczas propozycje widowisk dla młodszych dzieci szkolnych, które niejednokrotnie przybierały formę baśniową. Dzięki tej formie łatwiej było siedmio-, ośmioletniemu odbiorcy zrozumieć trudne zagadnienia narodowej niewoli, walki i niepodległości.
8
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Mitologizacje, ceremonie, apoteozy: Piłsudski i Legiony w teatrze krakowskim

51%
Poskuta-Włodek D.
Pamiętnik Teatralny
|
2018
|
vol. 67
|
issue 3
50-76
EN
Cracow theatre played a special part in the Polish ritual of passage from subjugation to independence in 1918 and soon became an object of intense mythologizing itself. Its origins can be traced back to the premieres of Polish Romantic theatre staged in Cracow and the influence exerted by Stanisław Wyspiański who used the language of myths and the symbolism of remnants, being also a deconstructivist who redefined the dominant tropes, legends, and symbols of his time. When there was a need to create new myths at the time of building the Second Polish Republic, Wyspiański and the Romantics provided the inspiration as well. The legend of Józef Piłsudski as the national saviour and the myth of “holly” Legions became key ingredients of the new narrative. The article describes how they functioned in the Cracow theatre until the outbreak of the Second World War. Piłsudski was fashioned to be the new “Spirit King” from the Król-Duch poem by Słowacki and the new Konrad from Mickiewicz’s Dziady (Forefathers Eve) and Wyspiański’s Wyzwolenie (Liberation). The process of mythologizing, which intensified after the coup in May 1926, spread all over town, and all over the country, taking over public emotions and public spaces to celebrate Piłsudski and the Legions in great public performances. The burial of Słowacki’s remains, brought over from France to be interred in the Wawel Cathedral, and then the monumental funeral of Piłsudski where a similar rite was observed served the same mythologizing purpose. The last event of this kind was a monumental outdoor staging of Hymn na cześć oręża polskiego (A Hymn to the Polish Armed Forces) by Ludwik Hieronim Morstin at the Wawel Castle in August 1939. The three performances froze historical time, as it were, turning it into a cyclic funerary ritual and holiday.
PL
Teatr krakowski odegrał szczególną rolę w rytuale przejścia od zniewolenia do wolności odzyskanej w 1918 i szybko sam stał się obiektem silnej mitologizacji. Jej źródło stanowią zrealizowane na tej scenie prapremiery polskiego repertuaru romantycznego oraz wpływ, jaki wywarł Stanisław Wyspiański, posługujący się językiem mitu i symboliką szczątków, zarazem dekonstruktor redefiniujący zastane tropy, legendy i symbole. Gdy w latach budowania drugiej Rzeczypospolitej pojawiła się potrzeba stworzenia nowych mitów, sięgano m.in. do romantyków i Wyspiańskiego. Jednym z istotnych nurtów nowej narracji była legenda Józefa Piłsudskiego - narodowego wybawcy - oraz mit „świętych” Legionów. W artykule podjęto próbę omówienia ich funkcjonowania w teatrze krakowskim aż po moment wybuchu drugiej wojny światowej. Na nowego Króla-Ducha z poematu Słowackiego i nowego Konrada z Dziadów Mickiewicza i Wyzwolenia Wyspiańskiego był kreowany Piłsudski. Wzmagający się, szczególnie po przewrocie majowym w 1926, proces mitologizacji oraz rozrastania się piłsudczykowskich i legionowych performansów celebracyjnych ogarnął z czasem całe miasto, a nawet kraj, zagarniając zarówno zbiorowe afekty, jak i przestrzeń publiczną. Służyły temu wielkie performanse funebralne, takie jak wawelski pochówek sprowadzonych z Francji szczątków Słowackiego, a następnie monumentalny pogrzeb Piłsudskiego, który odbył się z zachowaniem podobnego rytu. Ostatnim widowiskiem o podobnym charakterze była monumentalna plenerowa inscenizacja Hymnu na cześć oręża polskiego Ludwika Hieronima Morstina wystawiona na Wawelu w sierpniu 1939. Te trzy performance niejako wstrzymywały zbiorowo doświadczany, historyczny czas i wprawiały go w stan cyklicznego, funebralnego rytuału-święta.
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