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EN
Among all the different types of penalties that exist in the various juridical systems around the world, capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is one of the most controversial ones. The discussion about its legitimacy and legality crosses social, philosophical, cultural, religious and historical fields. The present article aims to first analyze how capital punishment is treated in different parts of the world, whether it is present or not, and to later on focus on the attempts to justify such a harsh punishment, by both the retributive and utilitarian theories of punishment.
EN
This paper covers issues related to the principles of imposing penalties. Apart from their considerable practical significance, these directives are closely related to the theory and philosophy of punishment. The purpose of these comments is a simple indication of the assumptions underlying the principles of imposing penalties, including the way of their evolution in Polish criminal law since 1932. The choice of theme is justified by the importance, the true wealth of problems that occur here and the theoretical but also research interests of Professor Tomasz Kaczmarek. The author wants to emphasize that the evolution of the principles of imposing penalties from the first statutory regulations runs properly. A clear tendency in the Polish legislature was consolidation and expansion of these directives, which remain compatible with the new less repressive criminal and sanctions policy. The Penal Code currently in force provided also appropriate lower limits of penalties.
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