The article investigates the relationship between two directions in modern linguistics, the structural and the functional. The author critically appreciates the commonly held opinion about the opposition of these linguistic paradigms, and shows that structuralism largely bases on a functional analysis. Structuralism was a continuation of the functional approach, which diffused across the humanities in the 19th century, and it is from this perspective that the present paper discusses structuralist studies in the fields of lexicology, morphology, and syntax. Particular attention is paid to the functional aspects of distributional analysis, and to integrative approaches in structural linguistics.
The paper deals with the description of linguistic knowledge using the theory of paradigms. The author focuses on two aspects of linguistic paradigms: the integration and the differential, highlighting the diversity of research directions in modem linguistics. The method proposed by the author is based on the assumptions of the sociology of science, according to which linguistics is regarded as a social system. Within the new scientific discipline described as linguistic sociology, a complex of the research procedures is expected, such as bibliometric analysis, analysis of public opinion, thematic analysis of journals, scientific sessions, grant policy analysis, analysis of academic and educational programmes of language learning, etc.
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