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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829). Minerały, istoty żywe i łącząca je koncepcja chemiczna

100%
Bednarczyk A.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
|
2013
|
vol. 22
|
issue 1-2(42-43)
67-125
EN
The starting point for the presented in this article considerations on the links between the inorganic and organic world, within the biological theory of Lamarck, has become a widespread in the historical literature opinion of a fundamental turn, which allegedly took place in Lamarck’s views of about 1800. This turn was to abandon the belief of the immutability of species and on the existence of the insurmountable hiatus between the inorganic and the organic world, and to adopt the view of species mutability and the existence of spontaneous generation, and therefore, the existence of a link between the two worlds. From the thesis on the existence of the above hiatus there were some completely false endeavors to deduce Lamarck’s view on the eternity of life (without any clear documented evidence proving the confirmation of this view), and the thesis itself was attempted to be bound with the adopted by Lamarck theory of chemistry, according to which, complex inorganic materials are the product of the process of life. The article traces the origins of the conception of hiatus, the conception of substantial quality differences separating the inorganic and organic world, and identifies the alleged motives that could lead to the adoption by Lamarck of so alien to his own worldview idea. By reference to the texts of Lamarck himself and testimonies of Sainte-Beuve, one could notice the total groundlessness of combining with this conception the idea of eternal life and making Lamarck its supporter, and thus, treating year 1800 as the absolute turning point in the development of the views of the French naturalist.
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