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EN
In this text I will present a critical analysis of three philosophical approaches to the epistemological problematic of the validity of aesthetic judgement: aesthetic objectivism, aesthetic relativism and aesthetic scepticism. I will compare the individiual theoretical positions and critically analyse them firstly as regards their compatibility with basic intuitions about aesthetic judgement, and secondly as regards the logico-semantic analysis of aesthetic concepts. In the concluding part of the text, I will argue in favour of the position of aesthetic meta-relativisim and I will examine the practical consequences which follow from this position for the conduct of aesthetic disputes.
EN
My paper explores critical objections to the concept of the artistic canon, conceived as a summary of works with an objective aesthetic value that have stood the test of time. To begin with, the objections of feminist and postcolonial criticism are discussed and examined. However, the sociological objection questioning the axiological foundation of the canon, i.e. the possibility of generally applicable aesthetic judgment, has been identified as the most crucial. My paper proceeds to discuss the theory of ideal perception as a solution to the problem of justifying aesthetic judgments. My aim is to prove that from the axiological perspective, the theory of the ideal critic gets entangled in the never-ending regress of a logical circle, or it eventually finds its justification through a particular social practice. This theory is also problematic in its erroneous assumption of the logical independence of the descriptive and evaluating components of aesthetic concepts. The impossibility of separating the evaluating attitude from the conditions of the use of aesthetic concepts indicates the relative applicability of aesthetic value and the artistic canon, depending on the “personal economy” of the evaluating subject.
PL
W niniejszym artykule rozważam dwa pytania. Po pierwsze, jakie są relacje teoretyczne pomiędzy „thick terms”, „thick concepts” oraz „thick properties”. Staram się wykazać, że odpowiedź zależna jest od wyboru założeń filozoficznych. Po drugie, rozważam jakie są możliwe powiązania pomiędzy opisowymi i ewaluatywnymi komponentami „tłustych” wyrażeń. Koncentruję się na naturze elementu ewaluatywnego oraz przeciwstawiam sobie semantyczne i pragmatyczne ich ujęcie. W konkluzji stwierdzam, że wyrażenia takie jak „prawny” są tłuste par excellence. Co za tym idzie, budując spójną teorię prawa, powinniśmy być świadomi wszystkich teoretycznych zawiłości związanych z treścią ewaluatywną.
EN
In the present article I explore two questions. First, what are the theoretical relations between thick terms, concepts and properties? I try to depict that the answer is dependent upon a choice of philosophical assumptions. Second, I explore what are the possible bonds between descriptive and evaluative components of thick expressions. I concentrate on the nature of the evaluative component and contrast the semantic and pragmatic approaches. Finally, I conclude that terms such as ‘legal’ are par excellence thick. Therefore, we should be aware of all the theoretical intricacies of the evaluative content when building a coherent theory of the legal realm.
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