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The Power of Silence? Opinion Contagion and the Surprise of the Polish 2005 Parliamentary and Presidential Elections

100%
Bartha E., Wolszczak-Derlacz J.
Polish Sociological Review
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2009
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vol. 165
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issue 1
123-138
EN
This paper investigates opinion contagion in collective behaviour using threshold model (Granovetter (1978)). The theoretical background is the spiral of silence concept developed by Noelle-Neumann (1974), arguing that people only assert their opinions if they perceive a minimal support from a relevant proportion of others. We apply the model to explain the dispersion between pre-elections preferences and the final results of the Polish parliamentary and presidential elections in 2005. It is shown that the minority opinions were more widely-held than was declared in opinion polls as a consequence of different distributions of the threshold values of opinion assertion.
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Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by threshold

100%
Szczepanowski R.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2011
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vol. 42
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issue 2
56-64
EN
The present report proposed a model of access consciousness to fear-relevant information according to which there is a threshold for emotional perception beyond that the subject makes hits with no false alarm. The model was examined by having the participants performed a confidence-ratings masking task with fearful faces. Measures of the thresholds for conscious access were taken by looking at the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves generated from a three-state low- and high-threshold (3-LHT) model by Krantz. Indeed, the analysis of the masking data revealed that the ROCs had threshold-like-nature (a two-limb shape) rather continuous (a curvilinear shape) challenging in this fashion the classical signal-detection view on perceptual processing. Moreover, the threshold ROC curve exhibited the specific y-intercepts relevant to conscious access performance. The study suggests that the threshold can be an intrinsic property of conscious access, mediating emotional contents between perceptual states and consciousness.
3
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Preferential access to emotion under attentional blink: evidence for threshold phenomenon

88%
Szczepanowski R., Traczyk J., Fan Z., Harvey L. O.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2015
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vol. 46
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issue 1
127-132
EN
The present study provides evidence that the activation strength produced by emotional stimuli must pass a threshold level in order to be consciously perceived, contrary to the assumption of continuous quality of representation. An analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) for attentional blink performance was used to distinguish between two (continuous vs. threshold) models of emotion perception by inspecting two different ROC’s shapes. Across all conditions, the results showed that performance in the attentional blink task was better described by the two-limbs ROC predicted by the Krantz threshold model than by the curvilinear ROC implied by the signal-detection theory.
4
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Psychophysical Approach Towards Conscious Repression of Affective Stimuli

51%
Szczepanowski R.
Psychological Studies
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2011
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vol. 49
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issue 1
73-86
EN
The present paper posited a psychophysical model of conscious repression of affective stimuli. Measurement of conscious repression employed a three-state threshold model of perception. The psychophysical model of repression was empirically justified with a backward masking paradigm. Given the masking data, it was shown that it is plausible that repression of affective information can occur for 41-ms stimulation. The psychophysical model of repression suggests that there is an inhibitory effect of access consciousness on subjective experience of emotional stimuli.
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